Guerrilla war for land between settlers and landowners, in Brazil
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Contestado War
Aviation of the Brazilian Army in the Contestado War, in 1915.
Date
October, 1912 – August, 1916
Location
Santa Catarina and Paraná, Southern Brazil
Result
Government victory
Belligerents
Celestial Monarchy Comune
Brazil
Brazilian Army
Paraná
Police
Commanders and leaders
José M. Agostinho †
Maria Rosa [pt]†
Adeodato
Hermes da Fonseca
Carlos de Mesquita
S. de Carvalho [pt]
Francisco Estillac
Tertuliano Potiguara
Gomes de Sá Filho †
Strength
10,000 rebels
7,000 Army soldiers 1,000 local police 1,000 civil militiamen 3 aircraft
Casualties and losses
5,000–8,000 dead, wounded or disappeared
800–1,000 dead, wounded, deserted or disappeared
The Contestado War (Portuguese: Guerra do Contestado), broadly speaking, was a guerrilla war for land between settlers and landowners, the latter supported by the Brazilian state's police and military forces, that lasted from October 1912 to August 1916.[1]
It was fought in an inland southern region of the country, rich in wood and yerba mate,[2] that was called Contestado because it was contested by the states of Paraná and Santa Catarina as well as Argentina. The war had its casus belli in the social conflicts in the region, the result of local disobediences, particularly regarding the regularization of land ownership on the part of the caboclos. The conflict was permeated by religious fanaticism expressed by the messianism and faith of the rebellious caboclos that they were engaged in a religious war; at the same time, it reflected the dissatisfaction of the population with its material situation.[1]
^ abWelch, Cliff (2020). Binford, Leigh; Gill, Lesley; Striffler, Steve (eds.). Fifty years of peasant wars in Latin America. Dislocations (1st ed.). New York: Berghahn. pp. 147–148. ISBN 978-1-78920-561-9.
^Pinheiro Machado, Roberto (2018). Brazilian history: culture, society, politics 1500-2010. Newcastle upon Tyne, UK: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 147. ISBN 978-1-5275-0349-6. OCLC 1007557996.
The ContestadoWar (Portuguese: Guerra do Contestado), broadly speaking, was a guerrilla war for land between settlers and landowners, the latter supported...
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called for democratic changes) while the civilian ones, such Canudos and ContestadoWar, were usually led by messianic leaders, without conventional political...
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