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Islamic dress code and custom
Police SMS text reading "Because you ignored last hijab alert - national law (hejab), your car license is confiscated for 15 days"[1]
Hijab in Iran, the traditional head covering worn by Muslim women for modesty for centuries, have been practiced as a compulsion supported by law in Iran after the 1979 revolution.[2] In the 1920s, a few women started to appear unveiled. Under Reza Shah, it was discouraged and then banned in 1936 for five years. Under Reza Shah's successor, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, hijab was considered "backward" and rarely worn by upper and middle-class people. Consequently, it became a symbol of opposition to the shah in 1970s, and was worn by women (educated, middle and upper class) who previously would have been unveiled.
After the 1979 Iranian Revolution and overthrow of the Pahlavi dynasty, veiling again was encouraged, and in 1981 the covering of hair and wearing of loose-fitting clothing covering all but hands and face was made legally mandatory for women.[3][4] Since the death of Mahsa Amini in 2022, hijab has again become a political symbol, this time of opposition to the Islamic Republic, and defiance of the law by younger women has been observed "in towns and cities" and been called "too widespread to contain and too pervasive to reverse".[5] As of April 2023, however, the Islamic Republic has vowed to enforce the "divine decree" of the hijab.[6]
Through the order of minister of industry, mining and commerce Hijab was made tax exempt in 2023, and IRGC Basij began permanent exhibition called "Hijab city" in Tehran and Isfahan cities.[7] In August 2023, Etemad reported veil Chador could have possibly become mandatory for women in the universities.[8][9]
In September 2023, the Iranian government opened a public mobile app website for Monitors (ordinary people and/or its informant agents) to report women that don't wear full hijab.[10]
For university students, talking with the opposite sex was criminalized, as was wearing perfume.[11]
Subway trains were sex segregated in September 2023.[12]
Waves of Iranian women removing their Hijab has been likened to the fall of the Berlin wall.[13]
Wearing clothes that don't cover the neck or thigh or showing one's ankles or forearm is considered illegal.[14]
^"نحوه ارسال پیامک درصورت کشف حجاب در خودرو". خبرگزاری مهر | اخبار ایران و جهان | Mehr News Agency (in Persian). 18 April 2023. Archived from the original on 22 July 2023. Retrieved 22 July 2023.
^"Explained: Why the hijab is crucial to Iran's Islamic rulers". euronews. 18 July 2023. Retrieved 4 November 2023.
^Ramezani, Reza (2010). Hijab dar Iran az Enqelab-e Eslami ta payan Jang-e Tahmili [Hijab in Iran from the Islamic Revolution to the end of the Imposed war] (Persian), Faslnamah-e Takhassusi-ye Banuvan-e Shi’ah [Quarterly Journal of Shiite Women], Qom: Muassasah-e Shi’ah Shinasi, ISSN 1735-4730
^Milani, Farzaneh (1992). Veils and Words: The Emerging Voices of Iranian Women Writers, Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press, p. 19, 34–37, ISBN 9780815602668
^Fassihi, Farnaz (25 February 2023). "Their Hair Long and Flowing or in Ponytails, Women in Iran Flaunt Their Locks". The New York Times. The New York Times. Archived from the original on 7 April 2023. Retrieved 7 April 2023.
^Cite error: The named reference Usher-BBC-1-4-23 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^"وزارت صمت: تولیدکنندگان لباس‌های باحجاب و کالاهای فرهنگی از پرداخت مالیات معاف هستند". ایران اینترنشنال (in Persian). 15 August 2023. Retrieved 15 August 2023.
^"رونمایی "اعتماد" از پیشنهادات اصلاحی برای لایحه "عفاف و حجاب"؛ از چادر اجباری تا مجازات والدین".
^"شهر حجاب در تهران و اصفهان احداث می‌شود". اعتمادآنلاین. 30 October 2023.
^"Mobile App Designed by Iranian Regime for Reporting Unveiled Women". 30 October 2023.
^"شیوه‌نامه اجرایی عجیب پوشش دانشجویان علوم‌پزشکی؛ از ممنوعیت استفاده از ادکلن تا تفکیک جنسیتی در کلاس‌های درس و رعایت حدود شرعی در نگاه به نامحرم!". اعتمادآنلاین. 30 October 2023.
^"عکس| اقدام بی‌سابقه عوامل زاکانی برای تفکیک جنسیتی در مترو: بین واگن زنان و مردان جوشکاری شد".
^"نماینده خامنه‌ای مخالفت‌ها با حجاب اجباری را به فروریختن دیوار برلین تشبیه کرد". BBC News فارسی.
^"دیده‌شدن پایین‌تر از گردن یا بالاتر از مچ یا ساعد مصایق "بدپوششی" برای زنان؛ تعریف "بدپوششی" برای مردان در قانون حجاب چیست؟". اعتمادآنلاین. 30 October 2023.
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