Global InformationMahsa Amini protests information
| Mahsa Amini protests | |||
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| Part of the Iranian protests against compulsory hijab and the aftermath of the death of Mahsa Amini | |||
Top and middle: Protestors on Keshavarz Boulevard Bottom: Protestors at Amir Kabir University | |||
| Date | 16 September 2022 – 2023 | ||
| Location | Iran, with solidarity rallies worldwide[1] | ||
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No centralized leadership[8]
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| Casualties | |||
| Death(s) | At least 551 protesters including 68 minors killed (Iran Human Rights) as of 15 September 2023[9] 517 protesters including 70 minors killed, as well as 68 security force members (HRANA), as of 6 January 2023[10] 200 killed (state media) as of 3 December 2022[12] | ||
| Injuries | 898+ as of 26 September 2022[13][needs update] | ||
| Arrested | as many as 19,262 (HRANA, as of 6 January 2023).[10] As of 4 November 2022, over 14,000 were arrested throughout 134 cities and towns, and at 132 universities (HRANA).[14] See detainees for notable cases. | ||
Civil unrest and protests against the government of the Islamic Republic of Iran (also IRI or nezam) associated with the death in police custody of Mahsa Amini (Persian: مهسا امینی) began on 16 September 2022 and carried on into 2023, but were said to have "dwindled"[15] or "died down"[16] by spring of 2023. As of September 2023, the "ruling elite" of Iran was said to remain "deeply entrenched" in power.[17] The protests were described as "unlike any the country had seen before",[18] the "biggest challenge" to the government,[19] and "most widespread revolt",[20] since the Islamic Revolution in 1979.
Mahsa Amini was arrested by the Guidance Patrol on 13 September 2022 for allegedly violating Iran's mandatory hijab law by wearing her hijab "improperly" while visiting Tehran from Saqqez. According to eyewitnesses, she was severely beaten by Guidance Patrol officers (this was denied by Iranian authorities).[21] She subsequently collapsed, was hospitalized and died three days later.[21] As the protests spread from Amini's hometown of Saqqez to other cities in the Iranian Kurdistan and throughout Iran, the government responded with widespread Internet blackouts, nationwide restrictions on social media usage,[22][23] tear gas and gunfire.[24][25][26]
Although the protests have not been as deadly as those in 2019 (when more than 1,500 were killed),[27] they have been "nationwide, spread across social classes, universities, the streets [and] schools".[19] At least 551 people, including 68 minors, had been killed as a result of the government's intervention in the protests, as of 15 September 2023[update].[note 1] Before February 2023 when most were pardoned,[16] an estimated 19,262 were arrested[note 2] across at least 134 cities and towns and 132 universities.[note 3][14][28]
Female protesters, including schoolchildren, have played a key role in the demonstrations. In addition to demands for increased rights for women, the protests have demanded the overthrow of the Islamic Republic, setting them apart from previous major protest movements in Iran, which have focused on election results or economic woes.[29] The government's response to the protests and its "brutal and disproportionate use of force against peaceful protesters and children" was widely condemned,[30] but Supreme Leader of Iran Ayatollah Ali Khamenei dismissed the unrest as "riots" and part of a "hybrid war" against Iran created by foreign enemy states and dissidents abroad.[31][32][33]
On March 6 2024 UN accused Iranian regime of coordinating crimes against humanity which Minister of Foreign relations rejected.[34]
- ^ "Worldwide protests continue after the death of 22-year-old Mahsa Amini". USA Today. 24 September 2022. Archived from the original on 24 September 2022. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
- ^ a b c Ghattas, Kim (2 October 2022). "A Whole Generation Revolts Against the Iranian Regime". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on 2 October 2022. Retrieved 3 October 2022.
- ^ Ioanes, Ellen (10 December 2022). "Iran's months-long protest movement, explained". Vox. Retrieved 29 December 2022.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
nbc iran warns the Westwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
cbc st. john's rallywas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ "Pro-government demonstrators take to the streets to show their rejection of Iranian protests". MSN. Archived from the original on 23 September 2022. Retrieved 24 September 2022.
- ^ "Thousands gather for pro-government rallies in Iran amid mass protests". TRT World. Archived from the original on 23 September 2022. Retrieved 24 September 2022.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
jpost blow upwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b "One Year Protest Report: At Least 551 Killed and 22 Suspicious Deaths". Iran Human Rights. 15 September 2023.
- ^ a b "Iran hangs two men accused of killing security agent during protests". Reuters. 7 January 2022. Retrieved 17 January 2023.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
United NationsReuterswas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ "Iran state body reports 200 dead in protests, Raisi hails 'freedoms'". 3 December 2022. Retrieved 7 December 2022.
- ^ "Hengaw Report No. 7 on the Kurdistan protests, 18 dead and 898 injured". Hengaw. Archived from the original on 26 September 2022. Retrieved 27 September 2022.
- ^ a b "Iran lawmakers demand severe punishment for 'rioters' as protests rage". Reuters. 6 November 2022. Retrieved 7 November 2022.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Baloch-F24-20-3-23was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b Motamedi, Maziar (16 September 2023). "Iran: One year after the death of Mahsa Amini". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 25 September 2023.
- ^ Hafezi, Parisa (12 September 2023). "What has changed in Iran one year since Mahsa Amini protests erupted?". Reuters. Retrieved 25 September 2023.
- ^ Nimoni, Fiona (16 September 2023). "Mahsa Amini: Protesters mark one year since death of Iranian student". BBC News. Retrieved 24 September 2023.
- ^ a b "Fresh protests erupt in Iran's universities and Kurdish region". The Guardian. 6 November 2022. Retrieved 7 November 2022.
- ^ Moaveni, Azadeh (7 August 2023). "Letter from Iran The Protests Inside Iran's Girls' Schools". The New Yorker. Retrieved 24 September 2023.
- ^ a b Strzyżyńska, Weronika (16 September 2022). "Iranian woman dies 'after being beaten by morality police' over hijab law". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 20 September 2022. Retrieved 22 September 2022.
- ^ Bonifacic, Igor (21 September 2022). "Iran restricts access to WhatsApp and Instagram in response to Mahsa Amini protests". Engadget. Archived from the original on 24 September 2022. Retrieved 22 September 2022.
- ^ Strzyżyńska, Weronika (22 September 2022). "Iran blocks capital's internet access as Amini protests grow". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 25 September 2022. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
- ^ "Eʿterāżāt dar Īrān; Šomār-e košte-šod-gān be dast-e kam 50 tan resīd" اعتراضات در ایران؛ شمار کشتهشدگان به دستکم ۵۰ تن رسید [Protests in Iran; The Number of Those Killed has Risen to at least 50 people]. Iran Human Rights (in Persian). Archived from the original on 24 September 2022. Retrieved 23 September 2022.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
guar26was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ "76 deaths, 1,200 arrests in Iran response to protests". rte.ie. 26 September 2022. Archived from the original on 27 September 2022. Retrieved 27 September 2022.
- ^ "Eʿterāżāt dar Irān; Afzāyeš-e Āmār-e Koštešodegān be biš az 30 Hamzamān bā Eḫtelāl dar Internet" اعتراضات در ایران؛ افزایش آمار کشتهشدگان به بیش از ۳۰ نفر همزمان با اختلال در اینترنت [Protests in Iran; The Number of Those Killed has Increased to over 30 People Simultaneously With Internet Blackout]. Iran Human Rights (in Persian). Archived from the original on 22 September 2022. Retrieved 22 September 2022.
- ^ Leonhardt, David. "Iran's Ferocious Dissent". The New York Times.
- ^ "Cleric killed in restive Iranian city, protests rage on". Reuters. 3 November 2022. Retrieved 4 November 2022.
- ^ "World Leaders on Mahsa Amini's Death and Protests". US Institute of Peace. 4 November 2022. Retrieved 27 September 2023.
- ^ Motamedi, Maziar (3 October 2022). "Iran's Khamenei blames Israel, US in first comments on protests". Aljazeera. Archived from the original on 3 October 2022. Retrieved 3 October 2022.
- ^ Tisdall, Simon (8 October 2022). "Iran's brave young women must break their own chains. The west won't help". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 8 October 2022. Retrieved 8 October 2022.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
:2was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ "Iran crushing peaceful protests led to 'crimes against humanity': UN mission". The Times of India. 8 March 2024. ISSN 0971-8257. Retrieved 9 March 2024.
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