Comparison of bipolar disorder and schizophrenia information
Schizophrenia is a primary psychotic disorder, whereas, bipolar disorder is a primary mood disorder which can also involve psychosis. Both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are characterized as critical psychiatric disorders in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders fifth edition (DSM-5).[1] However, because of some similar symptoms, differentiating between the two can sometimes be difficult; indeed, there is an intermediate diagnosis termed schizoaffective disorder.[2]
While reported and observed symptoms are a main way to diagnose either disorder, recent studies use the advanced technology like magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans to try to understand the biology of mood and psychotic disorders. Through MRIs, psychiatrists can see specific structural differences in the brains of people with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. These differences include volume of gray matter, neuropathological size differences variations and cortical thickness, which are associated with cognitive differences on tests. These differences may sometimes be seen throughout the lifespan of the diseases and often occur soon after the initial episode.[3]
In treating the bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, there are several paths that psychiatrists and psychologists take, some are similar and others are different.[4][5][6] However, there are a few conflicts regarding the medical and therapeutic treatments considering the long-term affects and relapse issues in treating both disorders.[4]
^Miller NS, Cocores JA, Belkin B (1991-03-01). "Nicotine Dependence: Diagnosis, Chemistry and Pharmacological Treatments". Annals of Clinical Psychiatry. 3 (1): 47–53. doi:10.3109/10401239109147967. ISSN 1040-1237. S2CID 38633974.
^Dobri ML, Diaz AP, Selvaraj S, Quevedo J, Walss-Bass C, Soares JC, Sanches M (March 2022). "The Limits between Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder: What Do Magnetic Resonance Findings Tell Us?". Behavioral Sciences. 12 (3): 78. doi:10.3390/bs12030078. PMC 8944966. PMID 35323397.
^ abMoncrieff J, Gupta S, Horowitz MA (January 2020). "Barriers to stopping neuroleptic (antipsychotic) treatment in people with schizophrenia, psychosis or bipolar disorder". Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology. 10: 2045125320937910. doi:10.1177/2045125320937910. PMC 7338640. PMID 32670542.
^Jann MW (December 2014). "Diagnosis and treatment of bipolar disorders in adults: a review of the evidence on pharmacologic treatments". American Health & Drug Benefits. 7 (9): 489–499. PMC 4296286. PMID 25610528.
^Patel KR, Cherian J, Gohil K, Atkinson D (September 2014). "Schizophrenia: overview and treatment options". P & T. 39 (9): 638–645. PMC 4159061. PMID 25210417.
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