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Community management or common-pool resource management is the management of a common resource or issue by a community through the collective action of volunteers and stakeholders. The resource managed can be either material or informational. Examples include the management of common grazing and water rights,[1] fisheries,[2] and open-source software.[3] In the case of physical resources, community management strategies are frequently employed to avoid the tragedy of the commons and to encourage sustainability.
It is expected that community management allows for the management, usually of natural resources, to come from members of the community that these decisions will affect.[4] This should allow for a better way of finding solutions that the community will find most effective since management styles are not always transferable across different regions; and this could be because of cultural, economic, or geographical differences.[5] It is expected that the group members within this setting have the incentive to do the best they can for the community because they live in the community that benefits or suffers from the management they provide.[6] By decentralizing the management of resources, it is also expected that the upkeep that occurs within the services provided is streamlined due to the direct link between the areas that need improvement or regular maintenance and the authority overseeing them.[7] However, these expected benefits of community management are not what we see unfolding within communities that follow this management style.
^R Wade (1987), "The management of common property resources", Cambridge Journal of Economics, 11 (2): 95–106, doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.cje.a035024, archived from the original on 2016-04-10
^R. S. Pomeroy (1994), Community management and common property of coastal fisheries in Asia and the Pacific, WorldFish, ISBN 9789718709566
^SO'Mahony (2007), "The governance of open source initiatives: what does it mean to be community managed?", Journal of Management and Governance, 11 (2): 139–150, doi:10.1007/s10997-007-9024-7, S2CID 153958344 (subscription required)
^Whaley, Luke; Cleaver, Frances; Mwathunga, Evance (2021). "Flesh and bones: Working with the grain to improve community management of water". World Development. 138: 105286. doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105286. ISSN 0305-750X. S2CID 228849402.
^Sobelson, Robyn; Wigington, Corinne; Harp, Victoria (2015). "A whole community approach to emergency management: Strategies and best practices of seven community programs". Journal of Emergency Management. 13 (4): 349–357. doi:10.5055/jem.2015.0247. ISSN 1543-5865. PMC 5582971. PMID 26312659.
^Distaso, Alba; Ciervo, Margherita (2011). "Water and Common Goods: Community Management as a Possible Alternative to the Public-Private Model". Rivista Internazionale di Scienze Sociali. 119 (2): 143–165. ISSN 0035-676X. JSTOR 41624981.
^Chowns, Ellie (2015). "Is Community Management an Efficient and Effective Model of Public Service Delivery? Lessons from the Rural Water Supply Sector in Malawi: Is Community Management Efficient and Effective?". Public Administration and Development. 35 (4): 263–276. doi:10.1002/pad.1737. S2CID 155716055.
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