Cold shock response is a series of neurogenic cardio-respiratory responses caused by sudden immersion in cold water.
In cold water immersions, such as by falling through thin ice, cold shock response is perhaps the most common cause of death.[1] Also, the abrupt contact with very cold water may cause involuntary inhalation, which, if underwater, can result in fatal drowning.
Death which occurs in such scenarios is complex to investigate and there are several possible causes and phenomena that can take part. The cold water can cause heart attack due to severe vasoconstriction,[2] where the heart has to work harder to pump the same volume of blood throughout the arteries. For people with pre-existing cardiovascular disease, the additional workload can result in myocardial infarction and/or acute heart failure, which ultimately may lead to a cardiac arrest. A vagal response to an extreme stimulus as this one, may, in very rare cases, render per se a cardiac arrest. Hypothermia and extreme stress can both precipitate fatal tachyarrhythmias. A more modern view suggests that an autonomic conflict — sympathetic (due to stress) and parasympathetic (due to the diving reflex) coactivation — may be responsible for some cold water immersion deaths. Gasp reflex and uncontrollable tachypnea can severely increase the risk of water inhalation and drowning.[3]
Some people are much better prepared to survive sudden exposure to very cold water due to body and mental characteristics and due to conditioning.[1] In fact, cold water swimming (also known as ice swimming or winter swimming) is a sport and an activity that reportedly can lead to several health benefits when done regularly.[4]
^ abCite error: The named reference coldii was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference phases was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Farstad, David J.; Dunn, Julie A. (September 2019). "Cold Water Immersion Syndrome and Whitewater Recreation Fatalities". Wilderness & Environmental Medicine. 30 (3): 321–327. doi:10.1016/j.wem.2019.03.005. ISSN 1545-1534. PMID 31178366. S2CID 182948780.
^Knechtle, Beat; Waśkiewicz, Zbigniew; Sousa, Caio Victor; Hill, Lee; Nikolaidis, Pantelis T. (December 2020). "Cold Water Swimming—Benefits and Risks: A Narrative Review". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 17 (23): 8984. doi:10.3390/ijerph17238984. ISSN 1661-7827. PMC 7730683. PMID 33276648.
and 23 Related for: Cold shock response information
Coldshockresponse is a series of neurogenic cardio-respiratory responses caused by sudden immersion in cold water. In cold water immersions, such as...
blood vessels). These are all physiological responses to preserve heat. Increased urine production due to cold, mental confusion, and liver dysfunction may...
nutrients it needs to survive Bacteria Heat ShockResponseColdShockResponse Ron EZ (2012). "Bacterial Stress Response". In Rosenberg E, DeLong EF, Lory S,...
1870. Blood shift – Set index article Coldshockresponse – Physiological response to sudden exposure to cold Bradycardia – Heart rate below the normal...
Hemorrhagic shock, from a large volume lost to bleeding Obstructive shock, resulting from mechanical obstruction of blood flow Coldshockresponse of organisms...
people. When submerged into cold water, breath-holding time is significantly shorter than that in air due to the coldshockresponse. The breath-hold breakpoint...
people who are not used to swimming in very cold water. After immersion in cold water the coldshockresponse will occur, causing an uncontrollable gasp...
reactions around the world. Australian Prime Minister John Howard expressed "shock and distress" at Irwin's death, saying that "Australia has lost a wonderful...
temperatures. Many bacterial genera have a coldshockresponse, which involves the production of coldshock proteins that help the cell facilitate global...
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a family of proteins produced by cells in response to exposure to stressful conditions. They were first described in relation...
The heat shockresponse (HSR) is a cell stress response that increases the number of molecular chaperones to combat the negative effects on proteins caused...
East Iceland Current – Cold water ocean current that forms as a branch of the East Greenland Current Labrador Current – Cold current in the Atlantic...
fluid volume in the core. Overall, acute exposure to cold is thought to induce a diuretic response due to an increase mean arterial pressure. The arterial...
"'Harrowing' and 'heartbreaking': Sir David Attenborough's new documentary shocks viewers". Stuff.co.nz. 5 November 2019. Archived from the original on 30...
Reef. His death became international news and was met with expressions of shock and grief by fans, the media, governments, and non-profit organizations...
altered consciousness and temporary respiratory abnormalities). Shock and electric shock - electrical injury. Sprains, a temporary dislocation of a joint...
Global Information