Correio da Manhã issue of 1 October 1937 announcing the "seizing" of the Cohen Plan by the Army's General Staff
The Cohen Plan (Portuguese: Plano Cohen) was a document forged by the Brazilian military with the aim of establishing the Estado Novo dictatorship in November 1937. A conjunction between antisemitism and anti-communism in Brazilian politics, it was fraudulently attributed to the Communist International, which allegedly planned to overthrow the government through strikes, the burning of public buildings and popular demonstrations that would end in looting, chaos, and the murder of authorities. To introduce the fraud, it was "discovered" by the Armed Forces, immediately used to label the political opposition as communists, and then to legitimize the military coup d'état.
With the approach of the presidential elections scheduled for 1938, the absence of a candidate that pleased the government and with the impossibility of extending his term, president Getúlio Vargas and general Eurico Gaspar Dutra began to plan a coup d'état; the coup would only work if it appeared to be a matter of national necessity. The government's military leadership identified the need to "reveal" new facts that would create a climate of insecurity and instability, and thus the idea of creating the Cohen Plan was born. The document was sent by general Pedro Aurélio de Góis Monteiro, chief of the Army's General Staff, to the country's main military authorities and, at an official meeting of military members of the government, it was presented as if it had been seized by the Armed Forces. Dutra and others present expressed their full conviction regarding the imminence of a communist coup and the need for the Armed Forces to act with vigor. The Cohen Plan was then publicized, triggering public commotion and a strong anti-communist campaign. Vargas took advantage of the false threat to pressure the National Congress to declare a state of war, which gave him powers to remove his opponents. On 10 November 1937, forty days after the release of the Cohen Plan, the Estado Novo dictatorship was implemented in the country.
Later, with the Estado Novo crisis in 1945, the same general Góis Monteiro who had helped to architect the 1937 coup started working to overthrow Vargas. He denounced the fraud that had taken place eight years earlier, claiming that the Cohen Plan had been handed over to the Army General Staff by captain Olímpio Mourão Filho, at the time head of the secret service of the Brazilian Integralist Action. Mourão Filho confirmed that he was the author of the document, but claimed to have prepared it as a mere simulation and accused Góis Monteiro of having appropriated and misused it. Góis Monteiro, in turn, claimed to have known about the falsity of the document from the beginning, but disclaimed any blame by suggesting that another member of the government had made it public and claimed that it was true. When asked about his silence during the 1937 coup d'état, Mourão claimed to have respected military discipline.
The revelation of the fraud surrounding the Cohen Plan caused consternation and shame in Brazilian society, which felt cheated. Although the conspiracy and involvement of the highest levels of the Armed Forces were quickly proven, the mutual accusations and third parties, raised by Mourão and, mainly, by Góis Monteiro, made it difficult to clearly establish the share of blame of each involved and what measures were to be taken against them. As part of its legacy, the Cohen Plan played a decisive role in phenomena that extend to the present day, such as the institutionalization of anti-communism as a central part of the identity of the Brazilian military and the establishment, in military cadres, of the idea that a temporary dictatorship could serve as an instrument of progress. By analogy, the conspiracy surrounding the Cohen Plan was equated with events such as the scare campaign launched on the eve of the 1964 coup d'état and continues to be mentioned in analysis of contemporary Brazilian politics.
The CohenPlan (Portuguese: Plano Cohen) was a document forged by the Brazilian military with the aim of establishing the Estado Novo dictatorship in...
The Kalergi Plan, sometimes called the Coudenhove-Kalergi Conspiracy, is a debunked far-right, antisemitic, white genocide conspiracy theory. The theory...
Sacha Noam Baron Cohen (/ˈsɑːʃə/ SAH-shə; Hebrew: סָשָׁה נֹעַם בָּרוֹן כֹּהֵן; born 13 October 1971) is an English comedian, actor, writer and producer...
The Andinia Plan (Spanish: Plan Andinia) is a conspiracy theory that alleged plans to establish a Jewish state in parts of Argentina and Chile. It is partly...
Leonard Norman Cohen CC GOQ (September 21, 1934 – November 7, 2016) was a Canadian singer-songwriter, poet, and novelist. Themes commonly explored throughout...
(conspiracy) World government Martin Heidegger and Nazism Alta Vendita The CohenPlan Hamas Covenant Memoirs of Mr. Hempher, The British Spy to the Middle East...
Aleppo in the Ottoman Empire in 1914. Deeply committed to Judaism, Cohen had planned in his youth to become a rabbi with guidance from Moise Ventura [he]...
after Sullivan explains the problem, Rogers, Cohen, and Tuld spar regarding a course of action. Cohen'splan, favored by Tuld, is a fire sale of the problematic...
Alexandra Pauline "Sasha" Cohen (born October 26, 1984) is a retired American figure skater. She is the 2006 Olympic silver medalist, a three-time World...
opioids. Cohen'splan led to a decline in overdose deaths in North Carolina for the first time in over a decade. She led the Early Childhood Action Plan, focusing...
of the climate. After controversy raised by opponents of the harvesting plan, the club moved to establish their qualification for the permit by offering...
original plan to propose an alliance between the two orders was rejected by Weishaupt, who saw no point in an alliance with a dying order. His new plan was...
nonexistent book, which was purported to have been written by an "Israel Cohen" in 1912. It said: "We must realize that our party's most powerful weapon...
original on January 9, 2021. Retrieved January 7, 2021. Multiple sources: Cohen, Zachary (April 19, 2021). "China and Russia 'weaponized' QAnon conspiracy...
of Palestine Studies. 41 (1): 82–95 [85]. doi:10.1525/jps.2011.XLI.1.82. Cohen-Almagor, Raphael (2009–2010). "Holocaust Denial is a Form of Hate Speech"...
neutron bomb using a mysterious compound called red mercury". Samuel T. Cohen, an American physicist who worked on building the atomic bomb, said in his...
Ryan Cohen (born 1985 or 1986) is a Canadian entrepreneur and activist investor. He founded e-commerce company Chewy in 2011, and was the company's chief...
commissioned the preparation of the Generalplan Ost (General Plan for the East); the plan was approved by Hitler in May 1942. It called for the Baltic...
Rabinovich". However, both the speech and Rabinovich were, like the "Israel Cohen" of A Racial Program for the Twentieth Century, fictitious creations of...
arson attacks at this time, as well as telecom engineers being abused. Nick Cohen in The Observer thought Icke was ambiguous as to whether the phone masts...
document purporting to be a Jewish plan for world domination, is commonly read and promoted in the Muslim world. Roger Cohen has suggested that the popularity...
report said, "there is no question that these attempts were discussed, were planned, and might have been placed in execution when and if the financial backers...
drove us out, and displease God and oppose all men. According to Jeremy Cohen: Even before the Gospels appeared, the apostle Paul (or, more probably,...
Archived from the original on 31 January 2019. Retrieved 27 February 2021. Cohen, Anne (18 January 2013). "The Jewish Victim of Newtown Conspiracy Theorists"...
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