Microcircuitry of the cerebellum. Excitatory synapses are denoted by (+) and inhibitory synapses by (-). Climbing fiber is shown originating from the inferior olive (green).
Details
Location
Inferior olive and Cerebellum[citation needed]
Shape
Unique projection neuron (see text)
Function
Unique excitatory function (see text)
Neurotransmitter
Glutamate
Presynaptic connections
Inferior olive
Postsynaptic connections
Purkinje cells
Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy
[edit on Wikidata]
Climbing fibers are the name given to a series of neuronal projections from the inferior olivary nucleus located in the medulla oblongata.[1][2]
These axons pass through the pons and enter the cerebellum via the inferior cerebellar peduncle where they form synapses with the deep cerebellar nuclei and Purkinje cells. Each climbing fiber will form synapses with 1-10 Purkinje cells.
Early in development, Purkinje cells are innervated by multiple climbing fibers, but as the cerebellum matures, these inputs gradually become eliminated resulting in a single climbing fiber input per Purkinje cell.
These fibers provide very powerful, excitatory input to the cerebellum which results in the generation of complex spike excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) in Purkinje cells.[1] In this way climbing fibers (CFs) perform a central role in motor behaviors.[3]
The climbing fibers carry information from various sources such as the spinal cord, vestibular system, red nucleus, superior colliculus, reticular formation and sensory and motor cortices.
Climbing fiber activation is thought to serve as a motor error signal sent to the cerebellum, and is an important signal for motor timing. In addition to the control and coordination of movements,[4] the climbing fiber afferent system contributes to sensory processing and cognitive tasks likely by encoding the timing of sensory input independently of attention or awareness.[5][6][7]
In the central nervous system, these fibers are able to undergo remarkable regenerative modifications in response to injuries, being able to generate new branches by sprouting to innervate surrounding Purkinje cells if these lose their CF innervation.[8] This kind of injury-induced sprouting has been shown to need the growth associated protein GAP-43.[9][10][11]
^ ab
Harting, John K.; Helmrick, Kevin J. (1996–1997). "Cerebellum - Circuitry - Climbing Fibers". Retrieved December 25, 2008.
^
Bear, Mark F.; Michael A. Paradiso; Barry W. Connors (2006). Neuroscience: Exploring the Brain(Digitised online by Google Books). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 773. ISBN 978-0-7817-6003-4. Retrieved December 25, 2008. Image of Parallel fiber
^
McKay, Bruce E.; Engbers, Jordan D. T., W. Hamish Mehaffey, Grant R. J. Gordon, Michael L. Molineux, Jaideep S. Bains, and Ray W. Turner; Mehaffey, WH; Gordon, GR; Molineux, ML; Bains, JS; Turner, RW (January 31, 2007). "Climbing Fiber Discharge Regulates Cerebellar Functions by Controlling the Intrinsic Characteristics of Purkinje Cell Output" (PDF). Journal of Neurophysiology. 97 (4): 2590–604. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.325.2405. doi:10.1152/jn.00627.2006. PMID 17267759. Retrieved December 25, 2008.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^"Medical Neurosciences". Archived from the original on January 13, 2012.
^Xu D, Liu T, Ashe J, Bushara KO. Role of the olivo-cerebellar system in timing" J Neurosci 2006; 26: 5990-5.
^Liu T, Xu D, Ashe J, Bushara K. Specificity of inferior olive response to stimulus timing. J Neurophysiol 2008; 100: 1557-61.
^Wu X, Ashe J, Bushara KO. Role of olivocerebellar system in timing without awareness. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011.
^Carulli D, Buffo A, Strata P (April 2004). "Reparative mechanisms in the cerebellar cortex". Prog Neurobiol. 72 (6): 373–98. doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2004.03.007. PMID 15177783. S2CID 18644626.
^Grasselli G, Mandolesi G, Strata P, Cesare P (June 2011). "Impaired Sprouting and Axonal Atrophy in Cerebellar Climbing Fibres following In Vivo Silencing of the Growth-Associated Protein GAP-43". PLOS ONE. 6 (6): e20791. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0020791. PMC 3112224. PMID 21695168.
^Grasselli G, Strata P (February 2013). "Structural plasticity of climbing fibers and the growth-associated protein GAP-43". Front. Neural Circuits. 7 (25): 25. doi:10.3389/fncir.2013.00025. PMC 3578352. PMID 23441024.
^Mascaro, Allegra; Cesare, P.; Sacconi, L.; Grasselli, G.; Mandolesi, G.; Maco, G.; Knott, G.W.; Huang, L.; De Paola, V.; et al. (2013). "In vivo single branch axotomyinduces GAP-43-dependent sprouting and synaptic remodeling in cerebellarcortex". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 110 (26): 10824–10829. doi:10.1073/pnas.1219256110. PMC 3696745. PMID 23754371.
Climbingfibers are the name given to a series of neuronal projections from the inferior olivary nucleus located in the medulla oblongata. These axons...
suppressed. The climbingfiber synapses cover the cell body and proximal dendrites; this zone is devoid of parallel fiber inputs. Climbingfibers fire at low...
(glutamatergic) synapses to spines in the Purkinje cell dendrite, whereas climbingfibers originating from the inferior olivary nucleus in the medulla provide...
olivocerebellar fibers. These neurons are the major input source for the cerebellum. Their axons are referred to as climbingfibers. These climbingfibers leave...
nucleus via climbingfibers. A good mnemonic for this interaction is the phrase "climb the other olive tree", given that climbingfibers originate from...
mossy fiber input will produce unique patterns of activity in granule cells that can be modified by a teaching signal conveyed by the climbingfiber input...
from mossy fiber and climbingfiber pathways. Most output fibers of the cerebellum originate from these nuclei. One exception is that fibers from the flocculonodular...
which they arise. They terminate directly on Purkinje cells as the climbingfiber input system. This article incorporates text in the public domain from...
connect the cerebellum to the pons and are composed entirely of centripetal fibers. Inferior cerebellar peduncle is a thick rope-like strand that occupies...
carried through climbingfibers that project into the flocculus, stimulating Purkinje cells. Leading research would suggest that climbingfibers play a specific...
the Golgi cell through parallel fibers, while synapses may also play a role. It has been shown that the climbingfibers connect to the Golgi cells by reentering...
contralateral inferior olivary nucleus and enters the cerebellum as a climbingfiber. Vestibulocerebellar tract: vestibular information projects onto the...
neuromuscular junction in the peripheral nervous system and the pruning of climbingfiber inputs to the cerebellum in the central nervous system. In terms of...
bundles of muscle fibers. Each individual fiber, and each muscle is surrounded by a type of connective tissue layer of fascia. Muscle fibers are formed from...
r6-r8). One brainstem nucleus, the inferior olivary nucleus, projects climbingfibers to innervate Purkinje cells. The other four nuclei (the external cuneate...
laboratory. Their first paper together was on the cerebellar climbingfibers, describing a climbingfiber collateral to the large Golgi type II cell of the cerebellum...
→ Purkinje cells → deep nuclei. The other main pathway is from the climbingfibers and these project to Purkinje cells and also send collaterals directly...
endemism and fiber (wool) type—the Suri alpaca and the Huacaya alpaca. Both breeds produce a fiber that is highly valued, with Suri alpaca fiber growing in...
Fujiyama T, Kawaguchi Y, Nabeshima Y, Hoshino M (Oct 2007). "Origin of climbingfiber neurons and their developmental dependence on Ptf1a". The Journal of...
requires a coincident stimulation of parallel fibers and climbingfibers. Glutamate released from the parallel fibers activates AMPA receptors which depolarize...
P.; Jahr, Craig E. (1997). "Postsynaptic Glutamate Transport at the ClimbingFiber-Purkinje Cell Synapse". Science. 277 (5331): 1515–1518. doi:10.1126/science...
olivary nucleus. The inferior olivary nucleus sends its afferents via climbingfibers in the inferior cerebellar peduncle to Purkinje cells of the contralateral...
cerebellum. In this structure, many climbingfibers synapse onto individual Purkinje neurons. The climbingfiber axon terminals with the highest level...
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