Global InformationClimate change and gender information
Climate change affects men and women differently.[1] Climate change and gender examines how men and women access and use resources that are impacted by climate change and how they experience the resulting impacts.[2] It examines how gender roles and cultural norms influence the ability of men and women to respond to climate change, and how women's and men's roles can be better integrated into climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies. It also considers how climate change intersects with other socioeconomic challenges, such as poverty, access to resources, migration and cultural identity. Ultimately, the goal of this research is to ensure that climate change policies and initiatives are equitable, and that both women and men benefit from them.[3][4] Climate change increases gender inequality,[5] reduces women's ability to be financially independent,[6] and has an overall negative impact on the social and political rights of women, especially in economies that are heavily based on agriculture.[5] In many cases, gender inequality means that women are more vulnerable to the negative effects of climate change.[7] This is due to gender roles, particularly in the developing world, which means that women are often dependent on the natural environment for subsistence and income. By further limiting women's already constrained access to physical, social, political, and fiscal resources, climate change often burdens women more than men and can magnify existing gender inequality.[8][9][10][11][12]
Gender-based differences have also been identified in relation to awareness, causation and response to climate change, and many countries have developed and implemented gender-based climate change strategies and action plans. For example, the government of Mozambique adopted a Gender, Environment and Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan in early 2010, being the first government in the world to do so.[13] Businesses with gender-diverse boards have been found 60% more likely to minimise energy usage and 40% more likely to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Women and men experience climate change and environmental degradation differently according to gender roles and societal conventions.[14]
Analysis of gender in climate change, however, is not limited to women.[15] It also means not only applying a binary male/female system of analysis on sets of quantitative data, but also scrutinizing discursive constructions that shapes power relations connected to climate change,[16] and considering how gender, as a social factor that influences responses to climate change, intersects with other variables such as age, caste, marital status, and ethnicity.[17] This binary also excludes individuals who are a part of the LGBTQ+ community, and those who are non-binary and do not fit into gender norms.[18]T o understand the effects climate change has on different populations, there must be a distinction between gender and sex. Gender can be defined as the socially constructed differences between men and women that give rise to masculinity and femininity. Sex can be defined as the biological distinctions between males and females, most often in connection with reproductive functions.[4]
- ^ CARE. "Adaptation, Gender, and Women's Empowerment." Archived 5 August 2013 at the Wayback Machine Care International Climate Change Brief. (2010). (accessed 18 March 2013).
- ^ Rahman, Md Sadequr (2013). "Climate Change, Disaster and Gender Vulnerability: A Study on Two Divisions of Bangladesh". American Journal of Human Ecology. 2 (2): 72–82. doi:10.11634/216796221504315 (inactive 31 January 2024). ISSN 2167-9630. Archived from the original on 15 March 2023. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of January 2024 (link) - ^ Lau, Jacqueline D.; Kleiber, Danika; Lawless, Sarah; Cohen, Philippa J. (March 2021). "Gender equality in climate policy and practice hindered by assumptions". Nature Climate Change. 11 (3): 186–192. Bibcode:2021NatCC..11..186L. doi:10.1038/s41558-021-00999-7. ISSN 1758-6798. S2CID 232107752.
- ^ a b Pearse, Rebecca (March 2017). "Gender and climate change". WIREs Climate Change. 8 (2). Bibcode:2017WIRCC...8E.451P. doi:10.1002/wcc.451. ISSN 1757-7780. S2CID 131947864.
- ^ a b Eastin, Joshua (1 July 2018). "Climate change and gender equality in developing states". World Development. 107: 289–305. doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2018.02.021. ISSN 0305-750X. S2CID 89614518. Archived from the original on 22 April 2021. Retrieved 1 April 2020.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
:0was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Habtezion, Senay (2013). Overview of linkages between gender and climate change. Gender and Climate Change. Asia and the Pacific. Policy Brief 1 (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 April 2021. Retrieved 31 March 2020.
- ^ Olsson, Lennart et al. "Livelihoods and Poverty." Archived 28 October 2014 at the Wayback Machine Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Ed. C. B. Field et al. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 2014. 793–832. Web.(accessed 22 October 2014)
- ^ Aboud, Georgina. "Gender and Climate Change." (2011).
- ^ Dankelman, Irene. "Climate change is not gender-neutral: realities on the ground." Public Hearing on "Women and Climate Change". (2011)
- ^ Birkmann, Joern et al."Emergent Risks and Key Vulnerabilities." Archived 23 September 2014 at the Wayback Machine Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Ed. C. B. Field et al. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 2014. 1039–1099. Web. (accessed 25 October 2014).
- ^ van Daalen, Kim Robin; Dada, Sara; Issa, Rita; Chowdhury, Maisoon; Jung, Laura; Singh, Lucy; Stokes, Diarmuid; Orcutt, Miriam; Singh, Neha S. (2021). "A Scoping Review to Assess Sexual and Reproductive Health Outcomes, Challenges and Recommendations in the Context of Climate Migration". Frontiers in Global Women's Health. 2: 78. doi:10.3389/fgwh.2021.757153. ISSN 2673-5059. PMC 8594026. PMID 34816251.
- ^ Republic of Mozambique, Mozambique Climate Change Gender Action Plan (ccGAP) Report Archived 17 June 2020 at the Wayback Machine, accessed 25 December 2019
- ^ Bank, European Investment (7 March 2024). "EIB Gender equality and women's economic empowerment - Overview 2024".
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ "Challenging assumptions about gender and climate change adaptation" (PDF). Adaptation at Scale in Semi Arid Regions. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 July 2019. Retrieved 8 August 2019.
- ^ MacGregor, Sherilyn. "A Stranger Silence Still: The Need for Feminist Social Research on Climate Change." The Sociological Review 57 (2010): 124–140. doi:10.1111/j.1467-954X.2010.01889.x.
- ^ "Gender is one of many social factors influencing responses to climate change | Adaptation at Scale in Semi-Arid Regions". www.assar.uct.ac.za. Archived from the original on 11 May 2021. Retrieved 27 November 2020.
- ^ "Climate justice means involving gender and sexual minorities in policy and action". SEI. Archived from the original on 1 June 2023. Retrieved 22 November 2021.