Evolutionary splitting of a parent species into two distinct species, forming a clade
An example of cladogenesis today is the Hawaiian archipelago, to which stray organisms traveled across the ocean via ocean currents and winds. Most of the species on the islands are not found anywhere else on Earth due to evolutionary divergence.
Cladogenesis is an evolutionary splitting of a parent species into two distinct species, forming a clade.[1]
This event usually occurs when a few organisms end up in new, often distant areas or when environmental changes cause several extinctions, opening up ecological niches for the survivors and causing population bottlenecks and founder effects changing allele frequencies of diverging populations compared to their ancestral population. The events that cause these species to originally separate from each other over distant areas may still allow both of the species to have equal chances of surviving, reproducing, and even evolving to better suit their environments while still being two distinct species due to subsequent natural selection, mutations and genetic drift.[2]
Cladogenesis is in contrast to anagenesis, in which an ancestral species gradually accumulates change, and eventually, when enough is accumulated, the species is sufficiently distinct and different enough from its original starting form that it can be labeled as a new form - a new species. With anagenesis, the lineage in a phylogenetic tree does not split.
To determine whether a speciation event is cladogenesis or anagenesis, researchers may use simulation, evidence from fossils, molecular evidence from the DNA of different living species, or modelling. It has however been debated whether the distinction between cladogenesis and anagenesis is necessary at all in evolutionary theory.[3][4][5]
^Gould, Stephen Jay; Eldredge, Niles (1977). "Punctuated equilibria: the tempo and mode of evolution reconsidered" (PDF). Paleobiology. 3 (2): 115–151 [145]. doi:10.1017/s0094837300005224. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-06-24. Retrieved 2015-04-03.
^Strotz, LC; Allen, AP (2013). "Assessing the role of cladogenesis in macroevolution by integrating fossil and molecular evidence". PNAS. 110 (8): 2904–9. Bibcode:2013PNAS..110.2904S. doi:10.1073/pnas.1208302110. PMC 3581934. PMID 23378632.
^Vaux, F; Trewick, SA; Morgan-Richards, M (2016). "Lineages, splits and divergence challenge whether the terms anagenesis and cladogenesis are necessary". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 117 (2): 165–176. doi:10.1111/bij.12665.
^Allmon, Warren (2017). "Species, lineages, splitting, and divergence: why we still need 'anagenesis' and 'cladogenesis'". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 120 (2): 474–479. doi:10.1111/bij.12885.
^Vaux, Felix; Trewick, Steven A.; Morgan-Richards, Mary (2017). "Speciation through the looking-glass". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 120 (2): 480–488. doi:10.1111/bij.12872.
Cladogenesis is an evolutionary splitting of a parent species into two distinct species, forming a clade. This event usually occurs when a few organisms...
cladogenesis. Speciation includes the actual separation of lineages, into two or more new species, from one specified species of origin. Cladogenesis...
coined in 1957 by the biologist Julian Huxley to refer to the result of cladogenesis, the evolutionary splitting of a parent species into two distinct species...
and geologically rapid events of branching speciation called cladogenesis. Cladogenesis is the process by which a species splits into two distinct species...
Diversification in a Continental Radiation of Birds: Climbing Adaptations and Cladogenesis in the Furnariidae". The American Naturalist. 179 (5): 649–666. doi:10...
transformed (anagenesis) into a successor, or split into more than one (cladogenesis). Pseudoextinction is difficult to demonstrate unless one has a strong...
modern-day species are not only the product of evolutionary dichotomies (cladogenesis), the splitting of an ancestral lineage into two (Tree of Life metaphor)...
a transition is called anagenesis; he posited that, if the opposite, cladogenesis, could not be proven, a scientist was free to assume an anagenetic process...
development, and leaf margin. Molecular clock analyses have supported initial cladogenesis in Antarctica-Australasia 82 mya from a Doryanthaceae ancestor. The distribution...
stability followed by episodic bursts of evolutionary change via rapid cladogenesis. It is contrasted (below) to phyletic gradualism, a more gradual, continuous...
inference. 1952, William Wagner's ground plan divergence method. 1953, "cladogenesis" coined. 1960, "cladistic" coined by Cain and Harrison. 1963, first attempt...
on 18 February 2006. Zhaxybayeva, Olga; Peter Gogarten, J. (2004). "Cladogenesis, coalescence and the evolution of the three domains of life" (PDF). Trends...
Formation (United States) in time and space, and finds evidence supporting cladogenesis as a means of increasing diplodocine diversity over time, as well as...
evolved into H. erectus which evolved into modern humans (by a process of cladogenesis). He further said that there was a major evolutionary leap between A...
members of a crown group to be extant, only to have resulted from a "major cladogenesis event". The first definition forms the basis of this article. Often,...
Zootaxa. 1025: 1–94. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1025.1.1. Dubatolov VV (2006) Cladogenesis of tiger-moths of the subfamily Arctiinae: development of a cladogenetic...
of a phylogenetic tree, a node either represents a divergence event (cladogenesis) or a reticulation event such as hybridization, introgression, horizontal...
literal extinction. Related terms are stem group, chronospecies, budding cladogenesis, anagenesis, or 'grade' groupings. Paraphyletic groups are often relics...
distinct species. The biologist Orator F. Cook coined the term in 1906 for cladogenesis, the splitting of lineages, as opposed to anagenesis, phyletic evolution...
by Julian Huxley after having been coined by Lucien Cuénot in 1940, "cladogenesis" in 1958, "cladistic" by Arthur Cain and Harrison in 1960, "cladist"...
proliferation without any seemingly significant changes in complexity (cladogenesis). Sociocultural evolution is "the process by which structural reorganization...
reproductively isolated, and only this group developed into H. erectus (cladogenesis). Because the earliest remains of H. erectus are found in both Africa...
via anagenesis (a single lineage changing through time) rather than cladogenesis (multiple branching lineages with shared common ancestors). Centrosaurine...
Wills, M. A. (1996), "The Cambrian evolutionary "explosion": decoupling cladogenesis from morphological disparity", Biological Journal of the Linnean Society...
R.L. Cunha, R. Castilho, L. Ruber, & R. Zardoya (2005), Patterns of cladogenesis in the venomous marine gastropod genus Conus from the Cape Verde Islands...
Hauffe, H. C.; Pecchioli, E.; Soriguer, R.; Vapa, L.; Pitra, C. (2008). "Cladogenesis of the European brown hare (Lepus europaeus Pallas, 1778)" (PDF). European...
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