Rheobase and chronaxie are points defined on the strength-duration curve for stimulus of an excitable tissue.
Chronaxie is the minimum time required for an electric current double the strength of the rheobase to stimulate a muscle or a neuron. Rheobase is the lowest intensity with indefinite pulse duration which just stimulated muscles or nerves.[1] Chronaxie is dependent on the density of voltage-gated sodium channels in the cell, which affect that cell's excitability. Chronaxie varies across different types of tissue: fast-twitch muscles have a lower chronaxie, slow-twitch muscles have a higher one. Chronaxie is the tissue-excitability parameter that
permits choice of the optimum stimulus pulse duration for stimulation of any excitable tissue. Chronaxie (c) is the Lapicque descriptor of the stimulus pulse duration for a current
of twice rheobasic (b) strength, which is the threshold current
for an infinitely long-duration stimulus pulse. Lapicque showed
that these two quantities (c,b) define the strength-duration curve
for current: I = b(1+c/d), where d is the pulse duration.
However, there are two other electrical parameters used to
describe a stimulus: energy and charge. The minimum energy
occurs with a pulse duration equal to chronaxie. Minimum
charge (bc) occurs with an infinitely short-duration pulse.
Choice of a pulse duration equal to 10c requires a current of
only 10% above rheobase (b). Choice of a pulse duration of
0.1c requires a charge of 10% above the minimum charge (bc).
^Irnich W (1980). "The Chronaxie Time and Its Practical Importance". Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology. 3 (3): 292–301. doi:10.1111/j.1540-8159.1980.tb05236.x. PMID 6160523. S2CID 22590209.
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