Part of the Spanish colonization of the Americas and Mexican Indian Wars
1580 Codex depicting a Battle at San Francisco Chamacuero in the Current State of Guanajuato
Date
1550-1590
Location
La Gran Chichimeca, New Spain
(battlefields now parts of) Bajío Region, Mexico
Result
Chichimeca military victory
Spanish sued for peace, ceasing hostilities
Chichimeca conversion into sedentary, Catholic lifestyle
Benefits gained by Spain's native allies, including Tlaxcalans
Beginning of Spanish missionary tactics on northern colonial frontier
Partial preservation of Chichemeca culture, identity, and language
Belligerents
Chichimeca Confederation
Zacatecos
Caxcanes
Guachichiles
Pames
Guamares
Spain
Allies & auxiliaries:
Tlaxcalteca
Otomí
Mexica
Purépecha
Commanders and leaders
Maxorro
Çayne
Yuac
Martinillo
Cacayas
Macolia
Acuaname
Nachancayal
Gualiname
Francisco "the Lame"
Copuz the Elder
Nacoloname
Quiatuiaya
Paqualame
Xale
Bartolomillo
Anton Rayado
Pedro de Anda
Hernando Martel
Miguel Caldera
The Chichimeca War (1550–90) was a military conflict between the Spanish Empire and the Chichimeca Confederation established in the territories today known as the Central Mexican Plateau, called by the Conquistadores La Gran Chichimeca. The epicenter of the hostilities was the region now called the Bajío. The Chichimeca War is recorded as the longest and most expensive military campaign confronting the Spanish Empire and indigenous people in Aridoamerica. The forty-year conflict was settled through several peace treaties driven by the Spaniards which led to the pacification and, ultimately, the streamlined integration of the native populations into the New Spain society.[1][2]
The Chichimeca War (1550-1590) began eight years after the two-year Mixtón Rebellion. It can be considered a continuation of the rebellion as the fighting did not come to a halt in the intervening years. The war was fought in what are the present-day Mexican states of Zacatecas, Guanajuato, Aguascalientes, Jalisco, Queretaro, and San Luis Potosí.
^Powell, Philip Wayne, Mexico's Miguel Caldera: The Taming of America's First Frontier, 1548-1597, University of Arizona Press, 1977, ISBN 0816505691
^LatinoLA|Comunidad: The Indigenous People of Zacatecas Archived March 14, 2016, at the Wayback Machine
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