Chemically induced dimerization (CID) is a biological mechanism in which two proteins bind only in the presence of a certain small molecule, enzyme or other dimerizing agent.[1] Genetically engineered CID systems are used in biological research to control protein localization, to manipulate signalling pathways and to induce protein activation.[2]
Schematic of chemically induced dimerization. Two proteins that do not normally interact (top) bind in the presence of a dimerizing agent (bottom).
^Kopytek SJ, Standaert RF, Dyer JC, Hu JC (May 2000). "Chemically induced dimerization of dihydrofolate reductase by a homobifunctional dimer of methotrexate". Chemistry & Biology. 7 (5): 313–21. doi:10.1016/s1074-5521(00)00109-5. PMID 10801470.
^Fegan A, White B, Carlson JC, Wagner CR (June 2010). "Chemically controlled protein assembly: techniques and applications". Chemical Reviews. 110 (6): 3315–36. doi:10.1021/cr8002888. PMID 20353181.
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Chemicallyinduceddimerization (CID) is a biological mechanism in which two proteins bind only in the presence of a certain small molecule, enzyme or...
components. Chemicallyinduceddimerization systems can be used to make logic gates from individual cells. These logic gates are activated by chemical agents...
cells. Rapamycin is used in biology research as an agent for chemicallyinduceddimerization. In this application, rapamycin is added to cells expressing...
Induced pluripotent stem cells (also known as iPS cells or iPSCs) are a type of pluripotent stem cell that can be generated directly from a somatic cell...
light-oxygen-voltage-sensing domains) or cell-permeable small molecules by chemicallyinduceddimerization. In a living cell, molecular motifs are embedded in a bigger...
carbon–carbon double bonds, the photo-coupled dimers are fluorescent. Such dimerization, which can also occur in double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) involving uracil...
target is the ATPase site of the DNA gyrase GyrB subunit. Chemicallyinduceddimerization Heide L (2009). "Genetic engineering of antibiotic biosynthesis...
dimerize in the presence of FK1012, a derivative of the drug tacrolimus (FK506). This has made it a useful tool for chemicallyinduceddimerization applications...
(2014). "Anion-induceddimerization of 5-fold symmetric cyanostars in 3D crystalline solids and 2D self-assembled crystals". Chemical Communications....
demonstrated its effectiveness in eliminating graft-versus-host disease by inducingdimerization of death-receptor fusion targets. The exploration of molecular glues...
to form isooctane. There are also other uses for dimerization. Gasoline produced through dimerization is highly unsaturated and very reactive. It tends...
plate. Substrate-induced gene expression screening (SIGEX), a method to screen for the expression of genes that are induced by chemical compounds, has also...
synthesis involved Zn-induced dechlorination of 1,2,3,4-tetrachloro-1,1,2,3,4,4-hexafluorobutane.[citation needed] Hexafluorobutadiene dimerizes via a [2+2] process...
is involved in retinal, a component of the machinery of vision. The dimerization of alkenes is relevant to the photodamage of DNA, where thymine dimers...
C4H4O2, and which is sometimes written as (CH2CO)2. It is formed by dimerization of ketene, H2C=C=O. Diketene is a member of the oxetane family. It is...
passively across the cell membrane, it binds to the GR inducing a conformational change and GC-GR dimerization. It was previously thought that this conformational...
Eckert D, Bass B (2006). "RDE-4 preferentially binds long dsRNA and its dimerization is necessary for cleavage of dsRNA to siRNA". RNA. 12 (5): 807–18. doi:10...
(2006). "Metallocene and Related Catalysts for Olefin, Alkyne and Silane Dimerization and Oligomerization". Coordination Chemistry Reviews. 250 (1–2): 66–94...
anion is extremely basic, the salt slowly reacts with acetonitrile, inducingdimerization to CH3C(NH2)=CHCN, which co-crystallizes. Tetramethylphosphonium...
catalyzed by solid acid catalysts: C2H4 + H2O → CH3CH2OH Ethylene is dimerized by hydrovinylation to give n-butenes using processes licensed by Lummus...
characteristic context-specific dimerization pattern that occurs due to excessive exposure to sunlight. The planar structure of chemicals such as ethidium bromide...
become activated through autophosphorylation induced by a mechanism of FGF-mediated receptor dimerization. Receptor activation gives rise to a signal transduction...
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