Chain reaction of lipid peroxidation. Clockwise: a polyunsaturated lipid molecule interacts with an external radical and becomes a lipid radical which is further oxidised to a lipid peroxyl radical. The lipid peroxyl radical interacts with another lipid molecule (its neighbour in the membrane) and converts it into a new lipid radical while itself becomes lipid peroxide. This circle continues without additional external radicals present, destroying a large number of lipid molecules in the membrane.
Chain reaction in chemistry and physics is a process that produces products capable of initiating subsequent processes of a similar nature. It is a self-sustaining sequence in which the resulting products continue to propagate further reactions.[1] Examples of chain reactions in living organisms are lipid peroxidation in cell membranes [2] and propagation of excitation of neurons in epilepsy.[3]
sequence in which the resulting products continue to propagate further reactions. Examples of chainreactionsinlivingorganisms are lipid peroxidation in cell...
A chainreaction is a sequence of reactions where a reactive product or by-product causes additional reactions to take place. In a chainreaction, positive...
research that includes the study of the transformation of energy inlivingorganisms and the study of thousands of different cellular processes such as...
occurs in the cells of all livingorganisms.[better source needed] Respiration can be either aerobic, requiring oxygen, or anaerobic; some organisms can...
power the electron transport chain: This equation is a summary of what happens in three series of biochemical reactions: glycolysis, the Krebs cycle (also...
definitions of fundamental terms and concepts used in biology, the study of life and of livingorganisms. It is intended as introductory material for novices;...
used by other organisms (e.g. heterotrophs). Autotrophs do not need a living source of carbon or energy and are the producers in a food chain, such as plants...
development of chemicals and elements challenged organisms to adapt or die. Current organisms require redox reactions to induce metabolism and other life processes...
chemistry is the study of chemical processes within and relating to livingorganisms. A sub-discipline of both chemistry and biology, biochemistry may be...
selective breeding, in which organisms with desired traits (and thus with the desired genes) are used to breed the next generation and organisms lacking the trait...
thereby increasing the effective concentrations of these molecules. All livingorganisms are dependent on three essential biopolymers for their biological functions:...
byproduct that is the namesake of the reaction. As an example of condensation reactions, consider that inlivingorganisms, Amino acids are condensed with one...
R-X + X.}}} Reactions during the chainreaction of radical substitution The addition and its counterpart, the elimination, are reactions that change the...
an important element of livingorganisms, those biomolecules are often endogenous, produced within the organism but organisms usually need exogenous biomolecules...
The polymerase chainreaction (PCR) is a method widely used to make millions to billions of copies of a specific DNA sample rapidly, allowing scientists...
in all major groups of organisms and are considered to be of ancient origin. These reactions often act to detoxify poisonous compounds (although in some...
carbohydrates inlivingorganisms. The most important carbohydrate is glucose, a simple sugar (monosaccharide) that is metabolized by nearly all known organisms. Glucose...
synthesis reaction. The formation of the peptide bond consumes energy, which, inorganisms, is derived from ATP. Peptides and proteins are chains of amino...
in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions, driven by the main primary source of energy available to livingorganisms, which is sunlight. All organisms...
in molecular biology because of its use in the polymerase chainreaction (PCR) DNA amplification technique. When studies of biological organismsin hot...
great diversities of single-celled organisms like bacteria and the complex specialized cells in multicellular organisms like humans. Formerly, the field...
study of form in animals, plants and other organisms, or specifically in humans. Simply, the study of internal structure of livingorganisms. Comparative...
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