"Turki" redirects here. For other uses, see Turki (disambiguation).
Chagatai
چغتای Čaġatāy
Chagatai written in Nastaliq script (چغتای)
Region
Central Asia
Extinct
Around 1921
Language family
Turkic
Common Turkic
Karluk
Chagatai
Early forms
Karakhanid
Khorezmian
Writing system
Perso-Arabic script (Nastaliq)
Official status
Official language in
Chagatai Khanate
Moghulistan
Yarkand Khanate
Timurid Empire
Mughal Empire
Khanate of Khiva[1]
Bukhara Khanate
Kokand Khanate
Crimean Khanate[2]
Ottoman Empire[3]
Language codes
ISO 639-2
chg
ISO 639-3
chg
Linguist List
chg
Glottolog
chag1247
Chagatai[a] (چغتای, Čaġatāy), also known as Turki,[b][5]Eastern Turkic,[6] or Chagatai Turkic (Čaġatāy türkīsi),[4] is an extinct Turkic language that was once widely spoken across Central Asia. It remained the shared literary language in the region until the early 20th century. It was used across a wide geographic area including western or Russian Turkestan (i.e. parts of modern-day Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan), eastern or Chinese Turkestan (where a dialect, known as Kaşğar tılı, developed), the Crimea, the Volga region (such as Tatarstan and Bashkortostan), etc.[7][8] Literary Chagatai is the predecessor of the modern Karluk branch of Turkic languages, which includes Uzbek and Uyghur.[9] Turkmen, which is not within the Karluk branch but in the Oghuz branch of Turkic languages, was nonetheless heavily influenced by Chagatai for centuries.[10]
Ali-Shir Nava'i was the greatest representative of Chagatai literature.[11]
Lizheng Gate at the Chengde Mountain Resort. The second column from the left is the Chagatai language written in Perso-Arabic Nastaʿlīq script which reads Rawshan Otturādiqi Darwāza.
Chagatai literature is still studied in modern Uzbekistan, where the language is seen as the predecessor and the direct ancestor of modern Uzbek, and the literature is regarded as part of the national heritage of Uzbekistan.
^Grenoble, Lenore (2003). Language Policy of the Soviet Union. Kluwer Academic Publishers. p. 143. ISBN 1-4020-1298-5.
^"Chaghatay Language and Literature". Encyclopedia Iranica. Ebn Mohannā (Jamāl-al-Dīn, fl. early 8th/14th century, probably in Khorasan), for instance, characterized it as the purest of all Turkish languages (Doerfer, 1976, p. 243), and the khans of the Golden Horde (Radloff, 1870; Kurat; Bodrogligeti, 1962) and of the Crimea (Kurat), as well as the Kazan Tatars (Akhmetgaleeva; Yusupov), wrote in Chaghatay much of the time.
^Sertkaya, Ayşe Gül (2002). "Şeyhzade Abdurrezak Bahşı". In Hazai, György (ed.). Archivum Ottomanicum. Vol. 20. pp. 114–115. As a result, we can claim that Şeyhzade Abdürrezak Bahşı was a scribe lived in the palaces of Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror and his son Bayezid-i Veli in the 15th century, wrote letters (bitig) and firmans (yarlığ) sent to Eastern Turks by Mehmed II and Bayezid II in both Uighur and Arabic scripts and in East Turkestan (Chagatai) language.
^ abEckmann, János (1966). Sebeok, Thomas A. (ed.). Chagatay Manual. Uralic and Altaic Series. Vol. 60. Indiana University Publications. p. 4.
^Cite error: The named reference Bergne2007 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Eckmann, János (1966). Sebeok, Thomas A. (ed.). Chagatay Manual. Uralic and Altaic Series. Vol. 60. Indiana University Publications. p. 6.
^Bakker, Peter; Matras, Yaron (26 June 2013). Contact Languages. Walter de Gruyter. p. 292. ISBN 9781614513711.
^Grenoble, L. A. (11 April 2006). Language Policy in the Soviet Union. Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 978-0-306-48083-6.
^Vaidyanath, R. (1967). The Formation of the Soviet Central Asian Republics: A Study in Soviet Nationalities Policy, 1917–1936. People's Publishing House. p. 24.
^McHenry, Robert, ed. (1993). "Navā'ī, (Mir) 'Alī Shīr". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 8 (15th ed.). Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. p. 563.
Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).
Chagatai (چغتای, Čaġatāy), also known as Turki, Eastern Turkic, or Chagatai Turkic (Čaġatāy türkīsi), is an extinct Turkic language that was once widely...
in these languages. The language of the Kara-Khanid Khanate was known as Turki, Ferghani, Kashgari or Khaqani. The language of the Chagatai Khanate was...
Chagatai may refer to: Chagatai Khan, the second son of Genghis Khan Chagatai Khanate, an area of the Mongol Empire initially ruled by Chagatai Khan Chagatai...
Turkic language spoken by Uzbeks. It is the official and national language of Uzbekistan and formally succeeded Chagatai, an earlier Karluk language also...
The Chagatai Khanate, or Chagatai Ulus was a Mongol and later Turkicized khanate that comprised the lands ruled by Chagatai Khan, second son of Genghis...
Chagatai-speaking region, showing abundant Chaghatai influence. Uyghur language today shows considerable Persian influence as a result from Chagatai,...
The Chagatai (also Chagatai Tajiks or Tajik Chagatai) are a Tajik ethnic group living in the Surxondaryo Region of southeastern Uzbekistan and in southern...
the Uzbek language and Eastern Turki (Modern Uyghur). The Soviet Union abolished Chagatai as the literary standard and had the Uzbek language standardized...
Asia, the tribe had adopted the religion of Islam, and the Chagatailanguage, a Turkic language of the Qarluq branch, which was heavily influenced by Arabic...
introduced there. The alphabet was used for writing the Chagatailanguage, the regional literary language, and is now known as the Chagatay alphabet (Uyghur:...
tradition, a national Turkic literature was developed in the Chagatailanguage. Chagatai poets such as Mīr Alī Sher Nawā'ī, Sultan Husayn Bāyqarā, and...
South Asia from 1526 to 1857 used titles in the Arabic, Persian and Chagatailanguages. Sons of the emperors usually used the titles Shahzada and Mirza....
predominantly written in the Uzbek language with its roots in Chagatailanguage, one of the widely accessible languages in the region from 14th to 20th century...
Historically, Nogai was a spoken language. When speakers wanted to write, they utilized the Kypchak or Chagatailanguages, which were similar to Nogai and...
descendants of Chagatai Khan. It was founded by Sultan Said Khan in 1514 as a western offshoot of Moghulistan, itself an eastern offshoot of the Chagatai Khanate...
which fragmented shortly after his death. He spoke several languages, including Chagatai, an ancestor of modern Uzbek, as well as Mongolic and Persian...
great-great-great-grandson of Timur. It is written in the Chagatailanguage, known to Babur as Türki "Turkic", the spoken language of the Timurids. During the reign of his...
writing of loanwords from Arabic, Persian, or any of the European languages. Chagatailanguage Uzbek literature Southern Uzbek at Ethnologue (27th ed., 2024)...
in the works written in the Chagatai language in common Turkic literature. The influence of the Chagatailanguage on Turkmen literature remained significant...
word 'khanate'; خانلیغی is sometimes spelt as خانلغی in the Kypchak language. Welsford 2012, p. 37. In 1466, Mahmud bin Küchük sent a letter to the...
into Transoxiana and Iran". Khiva khan, Abu al-Ghazi Bahadur, in his Chagatai-language treatise Genealogy of the Turkmens, wrote that "their (Oghuz Turks)...
the foundation period of Uyghur written languageChagatai writing language period Kipchak and Oghuz language relics period Ḥāqāni Turkish (Khāghānī/Khāqānī...
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