Organic mental disorder caused by late-stage syphilis
This article is about the neuropsychiatric disorder. For the physical malady, paralysis, see paresis.
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Medical condition
General paresis
Other names
General paralysis of the insane, paralytic dementia
Symptoms
Early: Neurasthenia, personality changes, mood swings, problems with memory, judgment and concentration Later: Delusions, dementia, tremors, hyperreflexia, seizures, cachexia
Usual onset
10-30 years after initial infection
Causes
Meningoencephalitis caused by syphilis
Risk factors
Untreated syphilis infection
General paresis, also known as general paralysis of the insane (GPI), paralytic dementia, or syphilitic paresis is a severe neuropsychiatric disorder, classified as an organic mental disorder, and is caused by late-stage syphilis and the chronic meningoencephalitis and cerebral atrophy that are associated with this late stage of the disease when left untreated. GPI differs from mere paresis, as mere paresis can result from multiple other causes and usually does not affect cognitive function. Degenerative changes caused by GPI are associated primarily with the frontal and temporal lobar cortex. The disease affects approximately 7% of individuals infected with syphilis, and is far more common in developing countries where fewer options for timely treatment are available. It is more common among men.
GPI was originally considered to be a type of madness due to a dissolute character, when first identified in the early 19th century. The condition's connection with syphilis was discovered in the late 1880s. Progressively, with the discovery of organic arsenicals such as Salvarsan and Neosalvarsan (1910s), the development of pyrotherapy (1920s), and the widespread availability and use of penicillin in the treatment of syphilis (1940s), the condition was rendered avoidable and curable. Prior to this, GPI was inevitably fatal, and it accounted for as much as 25% of the primary diagnoses for residents in public psychiatric hospitals.
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particularly, the 1930s. Among these, we may note the Austrian psychiatrist Julius Wagner-Jauregg's malarial therapy for generalparesisoftheinsane (or neurosyphilis)...
syphilis was once a common form of dementia. This was known as thegeneralparesisoftheinsane. The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin, Summer 2007, pp...
during this experimental era, including malarial therapy for generalparesisoftheinsane (1917), deep sleep therapy (1920), insulin shock therapy (1933)...
more effective measure in the 1940s. Thegeneralparesisoftheinsane caused by neurosyphilis was effectively overcome by the method. Pyrotherapy was also...
(GPIs) Generic Product Identifier, a drug classification system Generalparesisoftheinsane Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase, an enzyme Glycosylphosphatidylinositol...
performs the first laparoscopy on humans 1917 – Julius Wagner-Jauregg discovers the malarial fever shock therapy for generalparesisoftheinsane 1921 –...
research on the use of malaria-induced convulsions to treat some nervous and mental disorders, such as thegeneralparesisoftheinsane, caused by neural...
for generalparesisoftheinsane. Albert Einstein introduces the idea of stimulated radiation emission. Nuclear fission: Ernest Rutherford (at the Victoria...
In 1917, the Austrian psychiatrist Julius Wagner-Jauregg used malaria infection as a treatment for Generalparesisoftheinsane. Rose used the same treatment...
of GeneralParesis, with Report of a Case", The Medical Record (1910): 404–407. —— "The Laboratory Diagnosis ofGeneralParesis", The Archives of Internal...
were treated for generalparesisoftheinsane using malarial therapy at the Clinic. Shute was an honorary fellow ofthe Royal Society of Tropical Medicine...
paintings. He spent the last year of his life in a sanatorium, and died in Holloway Sanatorium of "generalparesisoftheinsane", in modern terms tertiary...
suffered further mental deterioration and died in the Crichton on 12 March 1858 ofgeneralparesisoftheinsane, or syphilis, aged 42. He was buried in Cumwhitton...
research on the inflammatory nature of brain changes in generalparesis. Also, he is credited for introducing the standard modern concept of prognathism...
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