Cerebral Angiogram obtained using an iodine based contrast medium
Specialty
Cardiology
Cerebral atherosclerosis is a type of atherosclerosis where build-up of plaque in the blood vessels of the brain occurs. Some of the main components of the plaques are connective tissue, extracellular matrix, including collagen, proteoglycans, fibronectin, and elastic fibers; crystalline cholesterol, cholesteryl esters, and phospholipids; cells such as monocyte derived macrophages, T-lymphocytes, and smooth muscle cells.[1] The plaque that builds up can lead to further complications such as stroke, as the plaque disrupts blood flow within the intracranial arterioles. This causes the downstream sections of the brain that would normally be supplied by the blocked artery to suffer from ischemia.[2] Diagnosis of the disease is normally done through imaging technology such as angiograms or magnetic resonance imaging. The risk of cerebral atherosclerosis and its associated diseases appears to increase with increasing age;[3] however there are numerous factors that can be controlled in attempt to lessen risk.[4]
^Corti R, Fuster V (2011). "Imaging of atherosclerosis: magnetic resonance imaging". European Heart Journal (Review). 32 (14): 1709–U149. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehr068. PMID 21508002.
^Degnan AJ, Gallagher G, Teng Z, Lu J, Liu Q, Gillard JH (September 2012). "MR angiography and imaging for the evaluation of middle cerebral artery atherosclerotic disease". American Journal of Neuroradiology (Review). 33 (8): 1427–1435. doi:10.3174/ajnr.A2697. PMC 7966534. PMID 21940802.
^Korczyn AD (2005). "The underdiagnosis of the vascular contribution to dementia". Journal of the Neurological Sciences. 229–230 (SI): 3–6. doi:10.1016/j.jns.2004.11.011. PMID 15760612. S2CID 9299784.
^Blankenhorn Dh; Hodis HN (1993). "Atherosclerosis--reversal with therapy". Western Journal of Medicine (Comparative study; review). 159 (2): 172–179. PMC 1022223. PMID 8212682.
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