1700s–1800s reduction in anti-Catholic discrimination in the UK and Ireland
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Catholic emancipation or Catholic relief was a process in the kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland, and later the combined United Kingdom in the late 18th century and early 19th century, that involved reducing and removing many of the restrictions on Roman Catholics introduced by the Act of Uniformity, the Test Acts and the penal laws. Requirements to abjure (renounce) the temporal and spiritual authority of the pope and transubstantiation placed major burdens on Roman Catholics.
The penal laws started to be dismantled from 1766. The most significant measure was the Roman Catholic Relief Act 1829, which removed the most substantial restrictions on Roman Catholicism in the United Kingdom.
The Act of Settlement 1701 and the Bill of Rights 1689 provisions on the monarchy still require the monarch of the United Kingdom to not be a Catholic. The Bill of Rights asserts that "it hath been found by experience that it is inconsistent with the safety and welfare of this Protestant Kingdom to be governed by a Papist Prince" and requires a new monarch to swear a coronation oath to maintain the Protestant religion.
The Act of Settlement (1701) went further, limiting the succession to the heirs of the body of Sophia of Hanover, provided that they do not "profess the Popish religion", "marry a Papist", "be reconciled to or ... hold Communion with the See or Church of Rome".
A Roman Catholic heir can therefore only inherit the throne by changing religious allegiance. Ever since the Papacy recognised the Hanoverian dynasty in January 1766, none of the immediate royal heirs has been a Roman Catholic, and thereby disallowed by the Act. Many more distantly related potential Roman Catholic heirs are listed on the line of succession to the British throne. Section 2 of the Succession to the Crown Act 2013, and similar provisions in the law of other signatories to the Perth Agreement, allow marriage by such an heir to a Roman Catholic.
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Catholicemancipation or Catholic relief was a process in the kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland, and later the combined United Kingdom in the late...
The Roman Catholic Relief Act 1829, also known as the CatholicEmancipation Act 1829, removed the sacramental tests that barred Roman Catholics in the United...
a rapprochement. Funding for Maynooth College was agreed as was Catholicemancipation to ward off revolutionary republicanism. Following the Easter Rising...
Daniel O'Connell in the early nineteenth century to campaign for Catholicemancipation within Great Britain. It was one of the first mass-membership political...
French. After Liverpool's retirement, George was forced to accept Catholicemancipation despite opposing it. His only legitimate child, Princess Charlotte...
supporting liberal legislation. This happened with the Test Act, Catholicemancipation, the Reform Act, income tax and, most notably, the repeal of the...
Governor Cochrane to remove any and all Roman Catholic disabilities in Newfoundland. By then Catholicemancipation was bound up (as in Ireland) with the call...
he wanted Emancipation linked with the Union. Castlereagh was not averse; but Pitt was publicly non-committal and vague, though the Catholic Unionists...
would be compensated with Catholicemancipation, that is, by the removal of civil disabilities placed upon Roman Catholics in both Great Britain and Ireland...
(1726–1784), advocating civil liberties and reliefs, including Catholicemancipation. Political repressions such as the Unlawful Oaths Act (1797) and...
His polemics range from political reform to religion, including Catholicemancipation. His best known book is Rural Rides (1830, in print). He argued...
Protestant minority, unionism mobilised in the decades following CatholicEmancipation in 1829 to oppose restoration of a separate Irish parliament. Since...
played a major role, even before CatholicEmancipation in 1829, in rebuilding and re-establishing the formerly illegal Catholic Church in Scotland following...
attempt to achieve independence. He is remembered for his support for Catholicemancipation, the impeachment of Warren Hastings from the East India Company...
than to Catholics, to whom some restrictions applied into the 1920s, through the Act of Settlement 1701, despite the 1828–1829 Catholicemancipation. In some...
In Ireland, liberal Protestant candidates favouring Catholicemancipation, backed by the Catholic Association, achieved significant gains. The seventh...
Ireland formed by the Acts of Union 1800. Catholics were not granted full rights until CatholicEmancipation in 1829, achieved by Daniel O’Connell. The...
"friend of Mr. Pitt", rather than a Tory. Perceval was opposed to Catholicemancipation and reform of Parliament; he supported the war against Napoleon...
Bishop John Geddes. Catholicemancipation in 1793 and 1829 helped Catholics regain both religious and civil rights. In 1878, the Catholic hierarchy was formally...
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