A capsule neural network (CapsNet) is a machine learning system that is a type of artificial neural network (ANN) that can be used to better model hierarchical relationships. The approach is an attempt to more closely mimic biological neural organization.[1]
The idea is to add structures called "capsules" to a convolutional neural network (CNN), and to reuse output from several of those capsules to form more stable (with respect to various perturbations) representations for higher capsules.[2] The output is a vector consisting of the probability of an observation, and a pose for that observation. This vector is similar to what is done for example when doing classification with localization in CNNs.
Among other benefits, capsnets address the "Picasso problem" in image recognition: images that have all the right parts but that are not in the correct spatial relationship (e.g., in a "face", the positions of the mouth and one eye are switched). For image recognition, capsnets exploit the fact that while viewpoint changes have nonlinear effects at the pixel level, they have linear effects at the part/object level.[3] This can be compared to inverting the rendering of an object of multiple parts.[4]
^Cite error: The named reference :1 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Hinton, Geoffrey E.; Krizhevsky, Alex; Wang, Sida D. (2011-06-14). "Transforming Auto-Encoders". Artificial Neural Networks and Machine Learning – ICANN 2011. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 6791. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. pp. 44–51. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.220.5099. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-21735-7_6. ISBN 9783642217340. S2CID 6138085.
^Srihari, Sargur. "Capsule Nets" (PDF). University of Buffalo. Retrieved 2017-12-07.
^Hinton, Geoffrey E; Ghahramani, Zoubin; Teh, Yee Whye (2000). Solla, S. A.; Leen, T. K.; Müller, K. (eds.). Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 12(PDF). MIT Press. pp. 463–469.
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of the vertebrate clade. Underlying the development of neural crest is a gene regulatory network, described as a set of interacting signals, transcription...
fluid. The spinal cord is also covered by meninges and enclosed by the neural arches. Together, the brain and spinal cord make up the central nervous...
The entire corpuscle is wrapped by a layer of connective tissue. Its capsule consists of 20 to 60 concentric lamellae (hence the alternative lamellar...
The dorsal raphe nucleus (which releases serotonin in response to certain neural activity) is located at the ventral side of the periaqueductal grey, at...
clones. "Infomorph Psychology" and "Advanced Infomorph Psychology" are neural enhancement skills for pilots using "jump clones" to alleviate the unsettling...
is the outer layer of neural tissue of the cerebrum of the brain in humans and other mammals. It is the largest site of neural integration in the central...
the capsule along septa. The cortex is mainly made up of thymocytes and epithelial cells. The thymocytes, immature T cells, are supported by a network of...
Research Group, University of Reading, UK. He pioneered developments in direct neural interfaces between computer systems and the human nervous system, has developed...
depression. Diurnal mood improvement was associated with activity of dorsal neuralnetworks. Increased mean core temperature was also observed. One hypothesis...
glycosaminoglycan distributed widely throughout connective, epithelial, and neural tissues. It is unique among glycosaminoglycans as it is non-sulfated, forms...
develops: These primary vesicles form in the normal development of the neural tube of the embryo and initially include the prosencephalon, mesencephalon...
response to nerve impulses. Neurons connect to form neural pathways, neural circuits, and elaborate network systems. The whole circuitry is driven by the process...
These blood vessels supply a network of small arteries within the capsule of the adrenal glands. Thin strands of the capsule enter the glands, carrying...
Singer T. (2011). "Meta-analytic evidence for common and distinct neuralnetworks associated with directly experienced pain and empathy for pain". NeuroImage...
functions. The reticular formation consists of more than 100 small neuralnetworks, with varied functions including the following: Somatic motor control...
connectedness given by neural tracts that do not affect the cortical volume. This is also evident in the pathways of the language network connecting the frontal...
vending machine in which people insert a coin to acquire a random toy capsule. In gacha games, players pay virtual currency (bought with real money or...
individuals 6 years and older and uses a double-bead formulation. The capsule can be swallowed like a tablet, or it can be opened and the beads sprinkled...
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