Hashish (Arabic: حشيش, (IPA:[ħæʃiːʃ])), commonly shortened to hash, is an oleoresin made by compressing and processing parts of the cannabis plant, typically focusing on flowering buds (female flowers) containing the most trichomes.[2][3] It is consumed as a psychoactive drug by smoking, typically in a pipe, bong, vaporizer or joint, or via oral ingestion. Hashish has a long history of usage in countries such as Afghanistan, Morocco, Egypt, Pakistan, India, Nepal, Iran, and Lebanon.[4] Hashish consumption is also popular in Europe. In the United States, dried flowers or concentrates are more popular, though hash has seen a rise in popularity following changes in law.[5][6] Like many recreational drugs, multiple synonyms and alternative names for hashish exist, and vary greatly depending on the country and native language.[7]
Hashish is a cannabis concentrate product composed of compressed or purified preparations of stalked resin glands, called trichomes, from the plant. It is defined by the 1961 UN Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs (Schedule I and IV) as "the separated resin, whether crude or purified, obtained from the cannabis plant". The resin contains ingredients such as tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and other cannabinoids—but often in higher concentrations than the unsifted or unprocessed cannabis flower.[8] Purities of confiscated hashish in Europe (2011) range between 3% and 15%. Between 2000 and 2005, the percentage of hashish in cannabis end product seizures was at 18%.[2] With the strength of unprocessed cannabis flowers having increased greatly in recent years—with flowers containing upwards of 25% THC by weight—the strength of hashish produced today and in the future is likely to be far more potent than in these older records.[9][10]
The consistency and appearance of hashish vary depending on the process and amount of leftover plant material (e.g. chlorophyll). It is typically solid, though its consistency ranges from brittle to malleable. It is most commonly light or dark brown in color, though may appear transparent, yellow, black, or red.[11]
^Mahmoud A. ElSohly (2007). Marijuana and the Cannabinoids. Springer. p. 8. ISBN 978-1-59259-947-9. Archived from the original on 2023-01-15. Retrieved 2016-08-02.
^ abEMCDDA (2008). "A cannabis reader: global issues and local experiences". Monograph Series. 8 (1). Archived from the original on 2019-04-04. Retrieved 2017-06-29. European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, Lisbon, doi:10.2810/13807
^"What is Hash?". Leafly. 2020-06-25. Archived from the original on 2020-10-09. Retrieved 2020-10-05.
^"The History Of Hashish". druglibrary.org. Archived from the original on 2020-08-11. Retrieved 2020-10-05.
^"Is Old-School Hashish Going Extinct in America?". MERRY JANE. Archived from the original on 2020-10-09. Retrieved 2020-10-05.
^"How to Smoke Hash - Best Way Quick Guide". Cannabismo. 2019-09-16. Archived from the original on 2020-09-30. Retrieved 2020-10-05.
^"Hashish". drugs.com. Archived from the original on 26 April 2019. Retrieved 19 May 2017.
^Russo, Ethan. Cannabis and Cannabinoids: Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutic Potential, p. 34 (Routledge 2013).
^ElSohly, Mahmoud A.; Mehmedic, Zlatko; Foster, Susan; Gon, Chandrani; Chandra, Suman; Church, James C. (2016-04-01). "Changes in Cannabis Potency over the Last Two Decades (1995-2014) - Analysis of Current Data in the United States". Biological Psychiatry. 79 (7): 613–619. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.01.004. ISSN 0006-3223. PMC 4987131. PMID 26903403.
^"Highly Potent Weed Has Swept The Market, Raising Concerns About Health Risks". NPR.org. Archived from the original on 2020-10-08. Retrieved 2020-10-05.
^"Guide To The Different Types Of Hashish". www.druglibrary.org. Archived from the original on 2014-01-09. Retrieved 2014-01-09.
Hashish (Arabic: حشيش, (IPA: [ħæʃiːʃ])), commonly shortened to hash, is an oleoresin made by compressing and processing parts of the cannabis plant, typically...
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United States, the book created popular interest in hashish, leading to hashish candy and private hashish clubs. The book was later popular in the counter-culture...
Mohamed Hashish (born May 22, 1947) is an Egyptian-born research scientist best known as the father of the abrasive water jet cutter. Mohamed Hashish was...
includes well-attested expressions. Most slang names for marijuana and hashish date to the jazz era, when it was called gauge, jive, reefer. Weed is a...
Mohammad Ali Hasan Abu Hashish (Arabic: محمد ابو حشيش; born 9 May 1995) is a Jordanian professional footballer who plays as a left-back for the Jordan...
"Hashish and Wine", also known as "Opium and Wine", "Bangu Bada" ("Bengu Bada" or "Bang va bada" Azerbaijani: Bəngü-Badə) or "Bang u Bada Munazarasi"...
cash crop for the local people. The difference between charas and hashish is that hashish is made from a dead cannabis plant and charas is made from a live...
levels of intoxication. Traditionally, kief has been pressed into cakes of hashish for convenience in storage, although it can be vaporized or smoked in either...
centuries and the country is currently among the world's top producers of hashish. As of 2024, Morocco was the world's top supplier of cannabis. On May 26...
Hachichins, "Club of the Hashish-Eaters") was a Parisian group dedicated to the exploration of drug-induced experiences, notably with hashish. Members included...
from the original on 5 November 2016. Retrieved 5 November 2016. "Abu Hashish Island Red Sea". Red Sea Boats Holidays Ltd. Archived from the original...
works of Marco Polo who understood the name as deriving from the word hashish. While Assassins typically refers to the entire group, only a group of...
southern and western Africa, and is cultivated for purposes including hashish in India. The high concentrations of THC or THCV provide euphoric effects...
anti-drug campaigner when he realised that opium, heroin, cocaine and hashish were being smuggled into Egypt in great and increasing quantities. He was...
trying hashish, which they found to their liking. As a result of the conspicuous consumption of hashish by the troops, the smoking of hashish and consumption...
Bekka Valley, and consumed for personal use in private. The production of hashish was prohibited in Lebanon in 1926, during the era of the French Mandate...
been utilized in Egypt for hashish production for at least the last "eight or nine centuries". It has been stated that hashish was introduced to Egypt by...
trafficking charges. Through Plinston he met Mohammed Durrani, a Pakistani hashish exporter who was a descendant of the Durranis who had run Afghanistan in...
exporter of hashish, the resin from cannabis. According to the World Customs Organization, Morocco supplies 70% of the European hashish market. Although...
work documenting his journeys in the East. He also mentioned the Egyptian hashish, the Turkish boza, Turkish bernavi and the Arabic bursj forms of consumption...
attraction drawing tourists to Freak Street was then the government-run hashish shops. Hippies from different parts of the world travelled to Freak Street...
B. Toklas Cook Book written by Alice B. Toklas. The recipe is called "Hashish Fudge" and was actually contributed by Alice's good friend, Brion Gysin...
biosynthetic precursor for THC Tetrahydrocannabiphorol, the heptyl homologue Hashish List of investigational analgesics Medical cannabis Dronabinol Epidiolex...
intelligence estimate an annual production of over 4 million pounds of hashish and 20,000 pounds of heroin, generating profits exceeding $4 billion. In...
Archived from the original on April 21, 2023. Retrieved June 20, 2019. "Hashish". drugs.com. Archived from the original on 26 April 2019. Retrieved 13...
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