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Campaigns of the South information


Campaigns of the South
Part of Colombian War of Independence and Spanish American Wars of independence
In dark green, Greater Colombia; in light green, the territories annexed to Greater Colombia; in yellow, the liberated territories; in orange, the liberated-associated territories.

  Greater Colombia in 1821
  Territory annexed to Greater Colombia
  Peru, consolidation of its independence in 1824.
  Bolivia, consolidation of its independence in 1825, without military action.
Date1820-1826
Location
Current territories of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and Chile
Result

Pro-independence victory
Consequences
Creation of new states in South America:

  • Consolidation of Greater Colombia and expansion of its territory:
    • Annexation of the State of Quito to Greater Colombia
    • Annexation of the Free Province of Guayaquil to Greater Colombia
  • Consolidation of the independence of the Republic of Peru
  • Consolidation of the independence of the provinces of Upper Peru (without military action)
Territorial
changes
Dismemberment of the Spanish Empire
Belligerents

Pro-independence forces

  • Campaigns of the South Greater Colombia
  • Campaigns of the South Free Province of Guayaquil (until 1822)

Co-belligerents

  • Campaigns of the South State of Upper Peru
  • Campaigns of the South Chile
  • Campaigns of the South Republic of Peru
  • Campaigns of the South United Provinces of the Río de la Plata

With support from

  • Campaigns of the South British Legions
Campaigns of the South Spanish Empire
Commanders and leaders
Campaigns of the South Simón Bolívar
Campaigns of the South Antonio José de Sucre
Campaigns of the SouthCampaigns of the South León de Febres Cordero
Campaigns of the SouthCampaigns of the South Luis Urdaneta
Campaigns of the South José de la Riva-Agüero
Campaigns of the South Rudecindo Alvarado
Campaigns of the South José de la Serna
Campaigns of the South Pedro Antonio Olañeta
Campaigns of the South Melchor Aymerich
Campaigns of the South Agustín Agualongo
Campaigns of the South Antonio Huachaca
Units involved

Patriot Armies

  • United Liberating Army of Peru
  • First Chilean Navy Squadron
  • Protective Division of Quito

Royalist Army in the Americas

  • Royalist Guerrillas
  • Royal Army of Peru
  • Spanish Navy
Strength
30,000 soldiers 24,000 soldiers (4000 soldiers in Quito and 20,000 soldiers in Peru)
Casualties and losses
24,000 casualties 21,000 casualties

Campaigns of the South (1820—1826; Spanish: Campañas del Sur) is the name given to a series of military campaigns that Greater Colombia launched between 1820 and 1826 in South America with the purpose of expanding over the territories of the current republics of Colombia and Ecuador, as well as consolidating the independence of the republics of Peru and Bolivia. This was an extension of the multifaceted civil war launched against the Royalist Army in the Americas, which sustained the integrity of the Spanish Empire in such territories. Beyond the surrender of the regular armies, the royalist guerrillas in each country fought for several more years.

Determining which battles are included in the campaigns of the South varies so widely that some historians refer by this name to the liberation campaigns of Quito and Pasto between 1820 and 1822, while others refer to military operations between 1821 and 1826, when the fortress of El Callao surrendered. However, it can be said for certain that the goal of the campaigns of the South was to end the Spanish American wars of independence in South America and, as an additional result, the boom of the influence and power of Greater Colombia. The latter, under the presidency of Simón Bolívar, sought to bring together the new states under its hegemony. However, this project failed and Greater Colombia itself disappeared in 1831, balkanized for the secession of the states that conformed it.

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