1820–1826 series of armed conflicts in South America
Campaigns of the South
Part of Colombian War of Independence and Spanish American Wars of independence
Greater Colombia in 1821
Territory annexed to Greater Colombia
Peru, consolidation of its independence in 1824.
Bolivia, consolidation of its independence in 1825, without military action.
Date
1820-1826
Location
Current territories of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and Chile
Result
Pro-independence victory Consequences
Creation of new states in South America:
Consolidation of Greater Colombia and expansion of its territory:
Annexation of the State of Quito to Greater Colombia
Annexation of the Free Province of Guayaquil to Greater Colombia
Consolidation of the independence of the Republic of Peru
Consolidation of the independence of the provinces of Upper Peru (without military action)
Territorial changes
Dismemberment of the Spanish Empire
Belligerents
Pro-independence forces
Greater Colombia
Free Province of Guayaquil (until 1822)
Co-belligerents
State of Upper Peru
Chile
Republic of Peru
United Provinces of the Río de la Plata
With support from
British Legions
Spanish Empire
Commanders and leaders
Simón Bolívar Antonio José de Sucre León de Febres Cordero Luis Urdaneta José de la Riva-Agüero Rudecindo Alvarado
José de la Serna Pedro Antonio Olañeta Melchor Aymerich Agustín Agualongo Antonio Huachaca
Units involved
Patriot Armies
United Liberating Army of Peru
First Chilean Navy Squadron
Protective Division of Quito
Royalist Army in the Americas
Royalist Guerrillas
Royal Army of Peru
Spanish Navy
Strength
30,000 soldiers
24,000 soldiers (4000 soldiers in Quito and 20,000 soldiers in Peru)
Casualties and losses
24,000 casualties
21,000 casualties
Campaigns of the South (1820—1826; Spanish: Campañas del Sur) is the name given to a series of military campaigns that Greater Colombia launched between 1820 and 1826 in South America with the purpose of expanding over the territories of the current republics of Colombia and Ecuador, as well as consolidating the independence of the republics of Peru and Bolivia. This was an extension of the multifaceted civil war launched against the Royalist Army in the Americas, which sustained the integrity of the Spanish Empire in such territories. Beyond the surrender of the regular armies, the royalist guerrillas in each country fought for several more years.
Determining which battles are included in the campaigns of the South varies so widely that some historians refer by this name to the liberation campaigns of Quito and Pasto between 1820 and 1822, while others refer to military operations between 1821 and 1826, when the fortress of El Callao surrendered. However, it can be said for certain that the goal of the campaigns of the South was to end the Spanish American wars of independence in South America and, as an additional result, the boom of the influence and power of Greater Colombia. The latter, under the presidency of Simón Bolívar, sought to bring together the new states under its hegemony. However, this project failed and Greater Colombia itself disappeared in 1831, balkanized for the secession of the states that conformed it.
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