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Borneo campaign information


This article is about the 1945 Allied campaign in Borneo. For the 1941-42 Japanese conquest of the island, see Battle of Borneo (1941–1942), Battle of Tarakan (1942), and Battle of Balikpapan (1942).

Borneo campaign
Part of South West Pacific theatre of World War II

Australian troops advancing towards Brunei
Date1 May – 30 August 1945
Location
British Borneo and Dutch Borneo
Result Allied victory[1]
Belligerents
Allies:
Borneo campaign Australia
Borneo campaign United States
Borneo campaign United Kingdom
  • Borneo campaign North Borneo
Borneo campaign Netherlands
  • Borneo campaign Dutch East Indies
 Borneo campaign Japan
Commanders and leaders
United States Douglas MacArthur[2]
Australia Leslie Morshead
United States Thomas Kinkaid		 Empire of Japan Michiaki Kamada
Empire of Japan Masao Baba
Strength
c. 74,000 32,000
Casualties and losses
2,100 casualties[3] 4,700 casualties[4]

The Borneo campaign or Second Battle of Borneo was the last major Allied campaign in the South West Pacific Area during World War II to liberate Japanese-held British Borneo and Dutch Borneo. Designated collectively as Operation Oboe, a series of amphibious assaults between 1 May and 21 July 1945 were conducted by the Australian I Corps, under Lieutenant-General Leslie Morshead, against Imperial Japanese forces who had been occupying the island since late 1941 – early 1942. The main Japanese formation on the island was the Thirty-Seventh Army under Lieutenant-General Masao Baba, while the naval garrison was commanded by Vice-Admiral Michiaki Kamada. The Australian ground forces were supported by US and other Allied air and naval forces, with the US providing the bulk of the shipping and logistic support necessary to conduct the operation. The campaign was initially planned to involve six stages, but eventually landings were undertaken at four locations: Tarakan, Labuan, North Borneo and Balikpapan. Guerilla operations were also carried out by Dayak tribesmen and small numbers of Allied personnel in the interior of the island. While major combat operations were concluded by mid-July, localised fighting continued throughout Borneo until the end of the war in August. Initially intended to secure vital airfields and port facilities to support future operations, preparatory bombardment resulted in heavy damage to the island's infrastructure, including its oil production facilities. As a result, the strategic benefits the Allies gained from the campaign were negligible.

  1. ^ Ooi 2010, p. 204.
  2. ^ Dean 2018.
  3. ^ Australian War Memorial London.
  4. ^ Bōei Kenshūjo 1966.

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