Calming signals is a term conceived by Norwegian dog trainer and canine ethologist, Turid Rugaas, to describe the patterns of behavior used by dogs when interacting with each other in environments that cause heightened stress and when conveying their desires or intentions.[1][2] The term has been used interchangeably with "appeasement signals."[3][4] Calming signals, or appeasement signals, are communicative cues used by dogs to de-escalate aggressive encounters or to prevent the development of aggressive encounters completely.[5] Calming signals are performed by one dog (the sender) and directed towards one or more individual(s) (the recipient(s)), which could be dogs or individuals of other species, such as humans.[4] When calming signals are ignored, a dog may display warning signals of aggression, and this has the potential to escalate to outright conflict between individuals.[6]
The domestication of dogs by humans has significantly altered the behavioral patterns observed in ancestral species, such as the wolf (C. lupis).[4] Dogs have developed changes in body language, as well as changes in auditory and olfactory displays over the course of some 30,000 years, and many of these modified behavioral patterns, or calming signals, can differ in meaning depending on the intended signal receiver's species.[7] Calming signals can be released by an individual voluntarily, or they can be an involuntary response to environmental stimuli as a result of stress-induced changes to body chemistry, such as the release of an odour from the body when anxious.[7]
^Rugaas, Turid. "Calming Signals - The Art of Survival".
^Rugaas, Turid (2006). On Talking Terms with Dogs: Calming Signals (2nd ed.). Wenatchee, Wash.: Dogwise Pub. ISBN 1929242360.
^Overall, Karen (2017). "Appeasement, calming signals, and information capture: how do our subjects tell us what matters to them?". Journal of Veterinary Behaviour. 19: v–viii. doi:10.1016/j.jveb.2017.04.001 – via Elsevier Science Direct.
^ abcMariti, Chiara; Falaschi, Caterina; Zilocchi, Marcella; Fatjó, Jaume; Sighieri, Claudio; Ogi, Asahi; Gazzano, Angelo (2017). "Analysis of the intraspecific visual communication in the domestic dog (Canis familiaris): A pilot study on the case of calming signals". Journal of Veterinary Behaviour. 18: 49–55. doi:10.1016/j.jveb.2016.12.009. hdl:11568/835281. S2CID 151850637 – via Elsevier.
^Mariti, C.; Falaschi, C.; Zilocchi, M.; Carlone, B.; Gazzano, A. (November 2014). "Analysis of calming signals in domestic dogs: Are they signals and are they calming?". Journal of Veterinary Behavior. 9 (6): e1–e2. doi:10.1016/j.jveb.2014.09.008.
^Firnkes, Angelika; Bartels, Angela; Bidoli, Emilie; Erhard, Michael (2017-05-01). "Appeasement signals used by dogs during dog–human communication". Journal of Veterinary Behavior. 19: 35–44. doi:10.1016/j.jveb.2016.12.012. ISSN 1558-7878. S2CID 151351008.
behavioral patterns, or calmingsignals, can differ in meaning depending on the intended signal receiver's species. Calmingsignals can be released by an...
behaviour. She describes calmingsignals as a way for dogs to calm themselves or other humans/dogs around them. These are some of the signals she identifies: Licking/tongue...
paws or body.: 126 Lip-licking and sniffing are also recognized as calmingsignals. Self-licking can sometimes become abnormally frequent occasionally...
best seller On Talking Terms with Dogs. She has identified some 30 calmingsignals to explain the communication of dogs. Rugaas is the author of several...
neighborhoods, instructions on traffic calming (for example in Hass-Klau et al., 1992) stress that the most effective traffic calming plans entail all three components—that...
2016. Rugaas, Turid (2005). "Yawning". On Talking Terms With Dogs: CalmingSignals. Wenatchee: Dogwise. pp. 25–7. ISBN 978-1-929242-36-8. Romero, Teresa;...
Gray wolf § Behavior Alpha roll Dog communication Dog intelligence Calmingsignals Pack (canine) Pack hunter Separation anxiety disorder (humans) Temperament...
especially when such motions precede an aggressive behaviour. The Calmingsignals are often not noticed or not interpreted correctly to recognize early...
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trigger the signal. Audible or tactile signals may also be included to assist people who have poor sight. In many cities, some or most signals are equipped...
attacks, typically towards the surface, and may shake their head as a calmingsignal. Like other Goodeidae, butterfly splitfins mate by internal fertilization...
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The Hong Kong tropical cyclone warning signals, or informally typhoon signals, are a set of signals used to indicate the threat or effects of a tropical...
thresholds, speed breakers or sleeping policemen) are a class of traffic calming devices that use vertical deflection to slow motor-vehicle traffic in order...
avoid heavy traffic and long delays at traffic signals or other obstacles, even where there are traffic calming measures to discourage its use or laws against...
Lunatic Calm were an English electronic music group formed in 1996. Despite a wide-ranging sound palette, the group was best known for their high impact...
brain instead of the brain of A. A. Milne. Christopher Robin eventually calms him down by giving him his pants, which Piglet thought he needed. A parody...
Recommendation R 128 - Loudness normalisation and permitted maximum level of audio signals" (PDF). EBU. "EBU TECH Doc 3343 v.2 - Practical guidelines for Production...
the Buff Burgers franchise, but no one wants to join him. 87 2 "Crossed Signals" Stefan Scaini Heather Conkie September 23, 2012 (2012-09-23) 228108-2...
(calming) stimulation of the heart. The nicotinic antagonist hexamethonium, for example, does this by blocking the transmission of outgoing signals across...
dealers, but de Soto orders his henchmen to kill them, and leaves. Mycroft signals British Intelligence snipers, who gun down de Soto's men. He apologizes...
receive an activation signal which interrupts the normal cycle. Traffic signals not equipped to receive a traffic preemption signal will not recognize an...
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