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Calixarene information


IUPAC definition

calixarenes: Originally macrocyclic compounds capable of assuming a basket (or 'calix') shaped conformation. They are formed from p-hydrocarbyl phenols and formaldehyde. The term now applies to a variety of derivatives by substitution of the hydrocarbon cyclo{oligo(1,3-phenylene)methylene}. [1]

A calixarene is a macrocycle or cyclic oligomer based on a methylene-linked phenols. With hydrophobic cavities that can hold smaller molecules or ions, calixarenes belong to the class of cavitands known in host–guest chemistry.[2]

  1. ^ "calixarenes". Gold Book. IUPAC. doi:10.1351/goldbook.C00783. Retrieved 1 April 2024.
  2. ^ Gutsche, C. David (1989). Calixarenes. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry. ISBN 978-0-85186-385-6.

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Calixarene

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IUPAC definition calixarenes: Originally macrocyclic compounds capable of assuming a basket (or 'calix') shaped conformation. They are formed from p-hydrocarbyl...

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Macrocycle

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of twelve or more atoms. Classical examples include the crown ethers, calixarenes, porphyrins, and cyclodextrins. Macrocycles describe a large, mature...

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Cucurbituril

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is large enough to hold other molecular hosts such as a calixarene molecule. With a calixarene guest different chemical conformations (cone, 1,2-alternate...

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Carcerand

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reaction with other molecules. The first generation carcerands are based on calixarene hemicarcerands with 4 alkyl substituents on the upper rim and 4 reactive...

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Inclusion compound

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and host, the attraction being generally due to van der Waals forces. Calixarenes and related formaldehyde-arene condensates are one class of hosts that...

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Formaldehyde

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elaborate condensations ensue. With 4-substituted phenols one obtains calixarenes. Phenol results in polymers. Many amino acids react with formaldehyde...

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Synthetic ion channels

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orientation and geometry with respect to the membrane. Ion channels containing calixarenes of ring size 3 and 4 have both been reported. For calix[4]arene, two...

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Arene substitution pattern

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substituents occupying a benzylic position. It is observed in compounds such as calixarenes and acridines. Peri-substitution occurs in naphthalenes for substituents...

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Inherent chirality

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coined by Volker Boehmer in a 1994 review, to describe the chirality of calixarenes arising from their non-planar structure in 3-D space. This phenomenon...

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Artificial enzyme

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bind substrates using receptors such as cyclodextrin, crown ethers, and calixarene. Artificial enzymes based on amino acids or peptides have expanded the...

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Pyrogallolarenes

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3-trihydroxybenzene) and an aldehyde. Pyrogallolarenes are a type of calixarene, and a subset of resorcinarenes that are substituted with a hydroxyl at...

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Click chemistry

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of DNA and nucleotides by triazole ligation supramolecular chemistry: calixarenes, rotaxanes, and catenanes dendrimer design carbohydrate clusters and...

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Clathrate compound

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host molecules." The term refers to many molecular hosts, including calixarenes and cyclodextrins and even some inorganic polymers such as zeolites....

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Supramolecular chemistry

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be chemically modified to fine-tune their properties. Cyclodextrins, calixarenes, cucurbiturils and crown ethers are readily synthesized in large quantities...

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Pillararene

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methylene bridges. They are structurally similar to the cucurbiturils and calixarenes that play an important part in host–guest chemistry. The first pillararene...

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Ionophore

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Many synthetic ionophores are based on crown ethers, cryptands, and calixarenes. Pyrazole-pyridine and bis-pyrazole derivatives have also been synthesized...

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Supramolecular polymer

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motifs, such as crown ethers/ammonium ions, cucurbiturils/viologens, calixarene/viologens, cyclodextrins/adamantane derivatives, and pillar arene/imidazolium...

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Resorcinarene

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(1,3-dihydroxybenzene) and an aldehyde. Resorcinarenes are a type of calixarene. Other types of resorcinarenes include the related pyrogallolarenes and...

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Gerard Parkin

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of problems in main group and transition metal chemistry, including: Calixarene complexes Retrodative bonding, especially related to boratranes Group...

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Scanning probe lithography

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Manuel; Rangelow, Ivo W (2013). "Nanolithography by scanning probes on calixarene molecular glass resist using mix-and-match lithography". Journal of...

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Circulene

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unique saddle-shaped structure (compare to cones and partial cones in calixarenes). The helicenes are a conceptually related class of structures in which...

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Cyclophane

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one atom. Cycloparaphenylene, cyclic all-para-linked phenyl groups. Calixarenes B. H. Smith, Bridged Aromatic Compounds, Academic Press, New York, 1964...

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Cavitand

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proposed by Cram includes many classes of molecules: cyclodextrins, calixarenes, pillararenes and cucurbiturils. However, modern usage in the field of...

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Colin Raston

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and pestle and the product recrystallised from the resulting paste. Calixarenes are the general category of macrocycle oligomers formed by hydroxyalkylation...

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