Figure 1: Chemical Structure of 2,3-Butanediol Fermentation
2,3-Butanediol fermentation is anaerobic fermentation of glucose with 2,3-butanediol as one of the end products. The overall stoichiometry of the reaction is
2 pyruvate + NADH --> 2CO2 + 2,3-butanediol.
Butanediol fermentation is typical for the facultative anaerobes Klebsiella and Enterobacter[1] and is tested for using the Voges–Proskauer (VP) test. There are other alternative strains that can be used, talked about in details in the Alternative Bacteria Strains section below.
Figure 2: The fermentation process to produce butanediol
The metabolic function of 2,3-butanediol is not known, although some have speculated that it was an evolutionary advantage for these microorganisms to produce a neutral product that's less inhibitory than other partial oxidation products and doesn't reduce the pH as much as mixed acids.
There are many important industrial applications that butanediol can be used for, including antifreeze, food additives, antiseptic, and pharmaceuticals. It also is produced naturally in various places of the environment.
^Geckil H, Barak Z, Chipman DM, Erenler SO, Webster DA, Stark BC (October 2004). "Enhanced production of acetoin and butanediol in recombinant Enterobacter aerogenes carrying Vitreoscilla hemoglobin gene". Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering. 26 (5): 325–30. doi:10.1007/s00449-004-0373-1. PMID 15309606. S2CID 10019642.
and 27 Related for: Butanediol fermentation information
2,3-Butanediolfermentation is anaerobic fermentation of glucose with 2,3-butanediol as one of the end products. The overall stoichiometry of the reaction...
H2 Other types of fermentation include mixed acid fermentation, butanediolfermentation, butyrate fermentation, caproate fermentation, acetone–butanol–ethanol...
Mixed acid fermentation where Escherichia produce ethanol mixed with lactate, acetate, succinate, formate, CO2, and H2 2,3-butanediolfermentation by Enterobacter...
(mixed acid fermentation is used). The solution remaining yellow (pH = 6.2 or above) indicates a negative test, meaning the butanediolfermentation is used...
acid. Malolactic fermentation is most often performed as a secondary fermentation shortly after the end of the primary fermentation, but can sometimes...
production, citrate use, phenylalanine, and the Voges–Proskauer (butanediolfermentation) test. It tests positive for oxidase, lysine decarboxylase, methyl...
of fermentation. The more sugars in the grapes, the higher the potential alcohol level of the wine if the yeast are allowed to carry out fermentation to...
Acetone, and Isopropanol; 1,3- and 1,2-Propanediol Production; and 2,3-Butanediol Production". The Prokaryotes. pp. 77–134. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-31331-8_386...
negative Voges-Proskauer test because A. equuli does not use the 2,3-butanediolfermentation pathway resulting in the absence of acetoin production. As demonstrated...
production of a chemical known as 1,4-butanediol, which is used in fiber manufacturing. In order to produce 1,4-butanediol, the authors alter the metabolic...
drug globally behind caffeine. Ethanol is naturally produced by the fermentation process of sugars by yeasts or via petrochemical processes such as ethylene...
diacetyl. Diacetyl is produced industrially by dehydrogenation of 2,3-butanediol. Acetoin is an intermediate. Diacetyl and acetoin are two compounds that...
called D-Beta Hydroxybutyrate/ D 1,3-butanediol monoester, which is a naturally derived compound through a fermentation process. It was created by Dr. Richard...
is a common fusel alcohol, produced as a major by-product of ethanol fermentation. Isoamyl alcohol is one of the components of the aroma of Tuber melanosporum...
non-spore-forming. Ott Bd 1 is the type strain. Schink, Bernhard (1984). "Fermentation of 2,3-butanediol by Pelobacter carbinolicus sp. nov. and Pelobacter propionicus...
industrial routes include hydrogenation of maleic acid, oxidation of 1,4-butanediol, and carbonylation of ethylene glycol. Succinate is also produced from...
industrial fermentation, but this methodology are not as economical as the acid hydrolysis/chromatography route described above. Fermentation is effected...
strain. Its genome has been sequenced. Schink, Bernhard (1984). "Fermentation of 2,3-butanediol by Pelobacter carbinolicus sp. nov. and Pelobacter propionicus...
hydro-lyase (propanal-forming). Other names in common use include meso-2,3-butanediol dehydrase, diol dehydratase, DL-1,2-propanediol hydro-lyase, diol dehydrase...
penicillins in clinical use are synthesised by P. chrysogenum using deep tank fermentation and then purified. A number of natural penicillins have been discovered...
and sugar substitute. It is synthesized from corn using enzymes and fermentation. Its formula is C 4H 10O 4, or HO(CH2)(CHOH)2(CH2)OH. Erythritol is 60–70%...
Acetoin is produced by several species and is further reduced to 2,3-butanediol by Clostridium beijerinckii. Clostridium acetobutylicum Clostridium aurantibutyricum...
commonly known as cream of tartar, develops naturally in the process of fermentation. Potassium bitartrate is commonly mixed with sodium bicarbonate and is...
metabolized in the body, and partly fermented in the large intestine. The fermentation produces short-chain fatty acids, acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric...
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