"Bungi" redirects here. For other uses, see Bungi (disambiguation).
Bungi
Bungee, Bungie, Bungay, Bangay, the Red River Dialect
Native to
Canada
Region
Red River Colony and Assiniboia, present-day Manitoba
Native speakers
5,000 in 1870; fewer than 200 in 1993; potentially extinct[1][2]
Language family
Indo-European
Germanic
West Germanic
North Sea Germanic
Anglo-Frisian
Anglic
English
Bungi
Language codes
ISO 639-3
None (mis)
Glottolog
bung1271
Geographical distribution of Bungee
Bungee is classified as Critically Endangered by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger
Bungi/ˈbʌn.ɡi/[3] (also called Bungee, Bungie, Bungay, Bangay, or the Red River Dialect) is a dialect of English with substratal influence from Scottish English, the Orcadian dialect of Scots, Norn, Scottish Gaelic, French, Cree, and Ojibwe (Saulteaux).[4][5][6] It was spoken by the Scottish Red River Métis in present-day Manitoba, Canada, and formerly in areas of Ontario and Minnesota, United States.
Bungi has been categorized as a post-creole,[7][8] with the distinctive features of the language gradually abandoned by successive generations of speakers in favour of standard Canadian English. In 1870, about 5,000 Métis were native speakers of Bungi, but by the late 1980s, only a handful of elderly speakers were known. Today, Bungi has very few if any speakers and is potentially extinct.[1][9]
Bungi was spoken in the Lower Red River Colony in the area from The Forks (where the Red River and Assiniboine River meet in what is now downtown Winnipeg) to the mouth of the Red River at Lake Winnipeg. This is the area where the English/Scottish retired Hudson's Bay Company servants generally settled.[10][11]
^ ab"Bungee: A language unique to Canada". Language Portal of Canada. Government of Canada. Archived from the original on 10 August 2014. Retrieved 10 August 2020.
^Vitt, Iris; Barkwell, Lawrence. "Frank Walters" (PDF). Virtual Museum of Métis History and Culture. Louis Riel Institute. p. 7. Retrieved 11 August 2020.
^Stobie, Margaret (2010). "The Dialect Called Bungi". In Gold, Elaine; McAlpine, Janice (eds.). Canadian English: A Linguistic Reader(PDF). pp. 207–10. Retrieved 11 August 2020.
^Bakker, Peter; Papen, Robert A. (1996). "125. Languages of the Metis". In Wurm, Stephen Adolphe; Mühlhäusler, Peter; Tryon, Darrell T. (eds.). Atlas of Languages of Intercultural Communication in the Pacific, Asia, and the Americas. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. pp. 1177–78. ISBN 9783110134179. Retrieved 10 August 2020.
^Bakker, Peter; Papen, Robert A. "Michif and other languages of the Canadian Métis". Virtual Museum of Métis History and Culture. Gabriel Dumont Institute of Native Studies and Applied Research. Retrieved 10 August 2020.
^Blain, Eleanor M. (1989). The Bungee Dialect of the Red River Settlement (MA). Winnipeg: University of Manitoba. p. 14.
^Pentland, David H. (9 March 1985). Métchif and Bungee: Languages of the fur trade (Speech). Voices of Rupert's Land: Public Lectures on Language and Culture in Early Manitoba. Winnipeg Art Gallery.
^Blain, Eleanor M. (1989). The Bungee Dialect of the Red River Settlement (MA). Winnipeg: University of Manitoba. p. 15.
^Blain, Eleanor M. (14 December 2013) [16 June 2008]. "Bungi". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Retrieved 11 August 2020.
^Stobie, Margaret (1967–1968). "Backgrounds of the Dialect Called Bungi (16 April 1967)". Transactions of the Manitoba Historical and Scientific Society. Third Series (24). Manitoba Historical Society. Retrieved 10 August 2020.
^Blain, Eleanor M. (1989). The Bungee Dialect of the Red River Settlement (MA). Winnipeg: University of Manitoba. p. 5.
Bungi /ˈbʌn.ɡi/ (also called Bungee, Bungie, Bungay, Bangay, or the Red River Dialect) is a dialect of English with substratal influence from Scottish...
Other English dialects heavily influenced by Celtic languages Bungidialect Cornish dialect Hiberno-English Highland English (and Scottish English) Manx...
arrangement' (compare with the Irish Béarla na Saor 'speech of the smiths'). Bungidialect Polari Scottish Cant Shelta Evans, S. Stopping Places – A Gipsy History...
representative of actual speech in normal situations. Beurla Reagaird Bungidialect Polari Scottish Cant Shelta at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022) Bauer, Laurie...
Map of Canadian English. Canadian English: Aboriginal English in Canada Bungi of the Canadian Metis people of British descent Atlantic Canadian English...
possible.[citation needed] Bungidialect of the Canadian Metis people of Scottish/British descent Dialect Glasgow dialect Hiberno-English Highland English...
least five contact languages: Michif, Northern Michif, Bungi, Oji-Cree, and Nehipwat. Michif and Bungi are spoken by members of the Métis, and historically...
primarily Irish-based grammar and English-based syntax. The Bungidialect in Canada is an English dialect spoken by Métis that was influenced by Orkney English...
"Red River Dialect" or Bungi was a mixture of Gaelic and English with many terms borrowed from the local native languages. Whether the dialect was a trade...
Cornish dialect words Regional accents of English speakers Lowland Scots Other English dialects heavily influenced by Celtic languages: Anglo-Manx Bungi creole...
Alongside Michif and Bungi, the Métis dialect of French is one of the traditional languages of the Métis people, and the French-dialect source of the Michif...
Scotland portal Languages portal Bungi Creole of the Canadian Metis people of Scottish/British descent Doric dialect (Scotland) Glasgow patter Billy Kay...
corresponding sound in other Cree dialects is [n], [j], [l], or [ð] (it is consistently one of these depending on the dialect). So, alternatively, it is also...
borrowings have been noted in Menominee, a related Algonquian language. Bungi Creole is an English-based Creole language spoken in Manitoba by the descendants...
pronounced "fillum". Lowland Scots Other English dialects influenced by Celtic languages Anglo-Cornish Anglo-Manx Bungi creole Hiberno-English Welsh English Slusarz...
Oklahoma in the 1800s. Cree was incorporated into the Michif language, Bungi language and Nehipwat language in Saskatchewan and the area around the Red...
speak the western dialect of the Swampy Cree language, while the s/š distinction is kept in the eastern dialect, the western dialect have merged both into...
Kawawachikamach, Quebec. Naskapi is a "y-dialect" that has many linguistic features in common with the Northern dialect of East Cree, and also shares many lexical...
dialects called "West Cree", it is referred to as an "n-dialect", as the variable phoneme common to all Cree dialects appears as "n" in this dialect (as...
to be associated with shared ancestry, history, homeland, language or dialect and cultural heritage; where the term "culture" specifically includes aspects...
known as James Bay (Eastern) Cree, and East Main Cree, is a group of Cree dialects spoken in Quebec, Canada on the east coast of lower Hudson Bay and James...
Gallo (Brittany) Lowland Scots Other English dialects heavily influenced by Celtic languages Anglo-Cornish Bungi creole Hiberno-English Highland English (and...
Moose Cree is a dialect of the Cree language spoken mainly in Moose Factory, Ontario. As a dialect of the Cree language, Moose Cree is classified under...
Northern East Cree Southern East Cree Naskapi Montagnais Contact languages Bungi Creole Michif language See also Bible translations into Cree Cree syllabics...
Principles, Second Edition American and British English spelling differences Bungi creole Canadian Gaelic Franglais Regional accents of English Canadian Language...
Indigenous peoples of the Americas portal Canada portal Language portal Bungi Creole Chinook Jargon Journal of Indigenous Studies Lists of extinct languages...
bordering Papua New Guinea. 656 Liabuku lix 8a 160 Southeast Sulawesi province: Bungi district, Bau-Bau sub-district; south Buton island Waliabuku village area...
Global Information
