Canada: Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, groups in Alberta, British Columbia; United States: Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, groups in North Dakota, Montana
Ethnicity
Ojibwe people
Native speakers
(50,000 cited 1990–2016 censuses)[1]
Language family
Algic
Algonquian
Ojibwe-Potawatomi
Ojibwe
Dialects
(see Ojibwe dialects)
Writing system
Latin (various alphabets in Canada and the United States), Ojibwe syllabics in Canada, Great Lakes Algonquian syllabics in the United States
Location of all Anishinaabe Reservations/Reserves and cities with an Anishinaabe population in North America, with diffusion rings about communities speaking Anishinaabe languages
Ojibwe is classified as Severely Endangered by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.
Person
Ojibwe
People
Ojibweg
Language
Ojibwemowin
Country
Ojibwewaki
This article contains Canadian Aboriginal syllabic characters. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of syllabics.
Ojibwe (/oʊˈdʒɪbweɪ/oh-JIB-way),[2] also known as Ojibwa (/oʊˈdʒɪbwə/oh-JIB-wə),[3][4][5]Ojibway, Otchipwe,[6]Ojibwemowin, or Anishinaabemowin, is an indigenous language of North America of the Algonquian language family.[7][8] The language is characterized by a series of dialects that have local names and frequently local writing systems. There is no single dialect that is considered the most prestigious or most prominent, and no standard writing system that covers all dialects.
Dialects of Ojibwemowin are spoken in Canada, from southwestern Quebec, through Ontario, Manitoba and parts of Saskatchewan, with outlying communities in Alberta;[9][10] and in the United States, from Michigan to Wisconsin and Minnesota, with a number of communities in North Dakota and Montana, as well as groups that were removed to Kansas and Oklahoma during the Indian Removal period.[10][11] While there is some variation in the classification of its dialects, at least the following are recognized, from east to west: Algonquin, Eastern Ojibwe, Ottawa (Odawa), Western Ojibwe (Saulteaux), Oji-Cree (Severn Ojibwe), Northwestern Ojibwe, and Southwestern Ojibwe (Chippewa). Based upon contemporary field research, J. R. Valentine also recognizes several other dialects: Berens Ojibwe in northwestern Ontario, which he distinguishes from Northwestern Ojibwe; North of (Lake) Superior; and Nipissing. The latter two cover approximately the same territory as Central Ojibwa, which he does not recognize.[12]
The aggregated dialects of Ojibwemowin comprise the second most commonly spoken First Nations language in Canada (after Cree),[13] and the fourth most widely spoken in the United States or Canada behind Navajo, the Inuit languages and Cree.[14]
Ojibwemowin is a relatively healthy indigenous language. The Waadookodaading Ojibwe Language Immersion School teaches all classes to children in Ojibwe only.[15]
^Ojibwa at Ethnologue (24th ed., 2021) Severn Ojibwa at Ethnologue (24th ed., 2021) Eastern Ojibwa at Ethnologue (24th ed., 2021) Central Ojibwa at Ethnologue (24th ed., 2021) Northwestern Ojibwa at Ethnologue (24th ed., 2021) Western Ojibwa at Ethnologue (24th ed., 2021) Chippewa at Ethnologue (24th ed., 2021) (Additional references under 'Language codes' in the information box)
^Laurie Bauer, 2007, The Linguistics Student's Handbook, Edinburgh
^"Documentation for ISO 639 identifier: oji". ISO 639-2 Registration Authority – Library of Congress. Retrieved July 4, 2017. Name: Ojibwa
^"Documentation for ISO 639 identifier: oji". ISO 639-3 Registration Authority – SIL International. Retrieved July 4, 2017. Name: Ojibwa
^R. R. Bishop Baraga, 1878. A Theoretical and Practical Grammar of the Otchipwe Language
^Goddard, Ives, 1979.
^Bloomfield, Leonard, 1958.
^Valentine, J. Randolph, 1994, p. 6.
^ abNichols, John, 1980, pp. 1–2.
^Rhodes, Richard, and Evelyn Todd, 1981.
^Valentine, J. Randolph, 1994, p. 456.
^"Various Languages Spoken (147), Age Groups (17A) and Sex (3) for the Population of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2006 Census – 20% Sample Data". Statistics Canada. Archived from the original on February 2, 2017. Retrieved July 28, 2016.
^"Census in Brief: The Aboriginal languages of First Nations people, Métis and Inuit". www12.statcan.gc.ca. October 25, 2017. Retrieved July 8, 2021.
^"Waadookodading: Ojibwe Language Immersion School". theways.org.
Quebec to eastern British Columbia. The Ojibwelanguage is Anishinaabemowin, a branch of the Algonquian language family. They are part of the Council of...
syllabics. Ojibwe is an indigenous language of North America from the Algonquian language family. Ojibwe is one of the largest Native American languages north...
The Ojibwelanguage is an Algonquian American Indian language spoken throughout the Great Lakes region and westward onto the northern plains. It is one...
Algonquin dialect of the Indigenous Ojibwelanguage (Chippewa), which is a senior member of the Algonquian language family. The term Algonquin has been...
Canada. Eastern Ojibwe-speaking communities include Rama and Curve Lake. Ojibwe is an Algonquian language. OjibwelanguageOjibwe dialects Eastern Ojibwa...
Ottawa or Odawa is a dialect of the Ojibwelanguage spoken by the Odawa people in southern Ontario in Canada, and northern Michigan in the United States...
Ojibwe religion is the traditional Native American religion of the Ojibwe people. It is practiced primarily in north-eastern North America, within Ojibwe...
Anishinàbemiwin) is either a distinct Algonquian language closely related to the Ojibwelanguage or a particularly divergent Ojibwe dialect. It is spoken, alongside French...
Anishinaabemowin; also known as Southwestern Ojibwa, Ojibwe, Ojibway, or Ojibwemowin) is an Algonquian language spoken from upper Michigan westward to North Dakota...
of Ojibwe is associated with an absence of linguistic or political unity among Ojibwe-speaking groups. The general name for the language in Ojibwe is...
is an anglicisation of the Ojibwe term (and both the word and beliefs associated with it are part of the Ojibwelanguage and culture), belief in tutelary...
Central Ojibwe, Ojibway, Ojibwe) is an Algonquian language spoken in Ontario, Canada from Lake Nipigon in the west to Lake Nipissing in the east. Ojibwe dialects...
In some Native American and First Nations cultures, a dreamcatcher (Ojibwe: asabikeshiinh, the inanimate form of the word for 'spider') is a handmade willow...
Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe, also known as the Leech Lake Band of Chippewa Indians or the Leech Lake Band of Minnesota Chippewa Tribe (Ojibwe: Gaa-zagaskwaajimekaag...
Ojibwe people. The language today is spoken by people over the age of 70. The people of the Ojibwelanguage note that double vowels in their language...
The phonology of the Ojibwelanguage (also Ojibwa, Ojibway, or Chippewa, and most commonly referred to in the language as Anishinaabemowin) varies from...
Northwestern Ojibwe (also known as Northern Ojibwa, Ojibway, Ojibwe) is a dialect of the Ojibwelanguage, spoken in Ontario and Manitoba, Canada. Ojibwe is a...
The Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe (Ojibwe: Misi-zaaga'iganing Anishinaabeg), also known as the Mille Lacs Band of Chippewa Indians, is a federally recognized...
from the native Odawa (Ottawa) word jidmoonh, meaning "red squirrel" (cf. Ojibwe ᐊᒋᑕᒨ ajidamoo). The earliest form cited in the Oxford English Dictionary...
and Potawatomi Indians) is a long-standing Anishinaabe alliance of the Ojibwe (or Chippewa), Odawa (or Ottawa), and Potawatomi North American Native tribes...
metropolitan economies. The name derives from a gallicized variant of the original Ojibwe word ᒥᓯᑲᒥ (mishigami), meaning "large water" or "large lake". Michigan consists...
than any other team. In the Ojibwelanguage, the land is called Mooniyaang which was "the first stopping place" in the Ojibwe migration story as related...
Punjabi (4.1%), and Mandarin (1.5%). Several Indigenous languages are also spoken, such as Ojibwe (0.2%) and Cree (0.1%). The 2021 Census reported the religious...
Berens River Ojibwe is a dialect of the Ojibwelanguage spoken along the Berens River in northern Ontario and Manitoba. Berens communities include Pikangikum...
in North America, base their system of kinship on clans or totems. The Ojibwe word for clan (doodem) was borrowed into English as totem. The clans, based...
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