Bubble CPAP is a non-invasive ventilation strategy for newborns with infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS). It is one of the methods by which continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is delivered to a spontaneously breathing newborn to maintain lung volumes during expiration. With this method, blended and humidified oxygen is delivered via short binasal prongs or a nasal mask and pressure in the circuit is maintained by immersing the distal end of the expiratory tubing in water. The depth to which the tubing is immersed underwater determines the pressure generated in the airways of the infant. As the gas flows through the system, it "bubbles" out[1] and prevents buildup of excess pressures.
Bubble CPAP is appealing because of its simplicity and low cost.[2][3] It is also associated with a decreased incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)[4] compared to mechanical ventilation. Not all infants with IRDS are candidates for initial treatment with CPAP and not all those who are given CPAP can be successfully managed with this modality.[2]
^Morley CJ, Lau R, De Paoli A, Davis PG (July 2005). "Nasal continuous positive airway pressure: does bubbling improve gas exchange?". Archives of Disease in Childhood. Fetal and Neonatal Edition. 90 (4): F343-4. doi:10.1136/adc.2004.062588. PMC 1721902. PMID 16036895.
^ abSahni R (February 2010). "Bubble CPAP: can we predict success or failure?". Indian Pediatrics. 47 (2): 129–30. doi:10.1007/s13312-010-0019-0. PMID 20228427.
^Dada S, Ashworth H, Sobitschka A, Raguveer V, Sharma R, Hamilton RL, Burke T (2021-06-11). "Experiences with implementation of continuous positive airway pressure for neonates and infants in low-resource settings: A scoping review". PLOS ONE. 16 (6): e0252718. Bibcode:2021PLoSO..1652718D. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0252718. PMC 8195417. PMID 34115776.
^Polin RA, Sahni R (October 2002). "Newer experience with CPAP". Seminars in Neonatology. 7 (5): 379–89. doi:10.1053/siny.2002.0132. PMID 12464500.
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