Map of Britannia Superior in 260 ADMajor cities of Britannia Superior in the 2nd centuryBritannia Superior within the Roman Empire
Britannia Superior (Latin for "Upper Britain") was a province of Roman Britain created after the civil war between Septimius Severus and Claudius Albinus. Although Herodian credits Severus with dividing Roman Britain into the Northern territory of Britannia Inferior and the Southern territory of Britannia Superior,[1] modern scholarship argues that it is more likely that Caracella was the person who made the split sometime in the early 3rd century CE.[2] The previous British capital Londinium remained the centre of Britannia Superior while Eboracum, or modern York was the capital of Britannia Inferior. Epigraphical evidence shows that Upper Britain encompassed approximately what is now Wales, southern England and East Anglia.[3] However, the official boundary between Britannia Superior and Inferior is still unclear.
Although Londinium went through a period of decline during this time, the province as a whole continued to be developed. Villas were expanded[4] and a new wall around the capital was created.[5]
Governors of Britannia Superior are difficult to trace and it is hard to decipher exactly when the province became distinct from its twin Britannia Inferior. Also, little information about their system of governance or their peoples exist today. However, some archeological research of Britannia Superior leads historians to believe that Romano-British relations may have to be restudied with a more modern approach.[6]
Due to instability within the Roman Empire, reforms by Diocletian and Carausius' usurping total provincial power in the late 3rd century, the province was restructured by Constantius early in the 4th century.
^Herodian (1969). "History of the Empire". doi:10.4159/DLCL.herodian-history_empire.1969. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^Graham, A. J. (November 1966). "The Division of Britain". Journal of Roman Studies. 56 (1–2): 92–107. doi:10.2307/300136. JSTOR 300136. S2CID 161955106.
^Esmonde-Clearly, A.S. (1996). "Map 8, Britannia Superior" (PDF). Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World: Princeton University. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-04-13.
^Salway, Peter (2015). Roman Britain: A Very Short Introduction. OUP Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-102096-4.[page needed]
^Merrifield, Ralph. 1983. London : City of the Romans. London: Batsford. Pg. 154. https://archive.org/details/londoncityofroma00ralp/mode/2up
^Pitts, Martin (December 2008). "Globalizing the local in Roman Britain: An anthropological approach to social change". Journal of Anthropological Archaeology. 27 (4): 493–506. doi:10.1016/j.jaa.2008.08.003.
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