Three brainbows of mouse neurons from Lichtman and Sanes, 2008
Brainbow is a process by which individual neurons in the brain can be distinguished from neighboring neurons using fluorescent proteins. By randomly expressing different ratios of red, green, and blue derivatives of green fluorescent protein in individual neurons, it is possible to flag each neuron with a distinctive color. This process has been a major contribution to the field of neural connectomics.
The technique was originally developed in 2007 by a team led by Jeff W. Lichtman and Joshua R. Sanes, both at Harvard University.[1] The original technique has recently been adapted for use with other model research organisms including the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster), zebrafish (Danio rerio[2]), and Arabidopsis thaliana.[3]
While earlier labeling techniques allowed for the mapping of only a few neurons, this new method allows more than 100 differently mapped neurons to be simultaneously and differentially illuminated in this manner. This leads to its characteristic multicolored appearance on imaging, earning its name and winning awards in science photography competitions.[citation needed]
^Livet, J.; Weissman, T. A.; Kang, H.; Draft, R. W.; Lu, J.; Bennis, R. A.; Sanes, J. R.; Lichtman, J. W. (2007). "Transgenic strategies for combinatorial expression of fluorescent proteins in the nervous system". Nature. 450 (7166): 56–62. Bibcode:2007Natur.450...56L. doi:10.1038/nature06293. PMID 17972876. S2CID 4402093.
^Pan, Y. A.; Livet, J.; Sanes, J. R.; Lichtman, J. W.; Schier, A. F. (2011-01-01). "Multicolor Brainbow Imaging in Zebrafish". Cold Spring Harbor Protocols. 2011 (1): pdb.prot5546. doi:10.1101/pdb.prot5546. ISSN 1559-6095. PMC 3082469. PMID 21205846.
^Mach, Jennifer (2011-07-01). "Clonal Analysis with the Brother of Brainbow System". The Plant Cell. 23 (7): 2471. doi:10.1105/tpc.111.230710. ISSN 1532-298X. PMC 3226220.
Brainbow is a process by which individual neurons in the brain can be distinguished from neighboring neurons using fluorescent proteins. By randomly expressing...
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connectome data sets (Livet et al., 2007; Lichtman et al., 2008). Using Brainbow, a combinatorial color labeling method based on the stochastic expression...
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