300+ PNGDF soldiers killed Several thousand wounded
1,000–2,000 fighters killed
Estimates vary between 15,000–20,000 Bougainvilleans dead[3]
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History of Bougainville
Prehistory (Kilu Cave)
German colony (details)
Australian mandate
Japanese invasion
Allied counter-invasion
Territory of Papua and New Guinea
Republic of the North Solomons
Bougainville conflict
Autonomous Bougainville Government
Independence referendum
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The Bougainville conflict, also known as the Bougainville Civil War, was a multi-layered armed conflict fought from 1988 to 1998 in the North Solomons Province of Papua New Guinea (PNG) between PNG and the secessionist forces of the Bougainville Revolutionary Army (BRA), and between the BRA and other armed groups on Bougainville. The conflict was described by Bougainvillean President John Momis as the largest conflict in Oceania since the end of World War II in 1945, with an estimated 15,000–20,000 Bougainvilleans dead, although lower estimates place the toll at around 1,000–2,000.[3]
Hostilities concluded under the Bougainville Peace Agreement in 1998. The national (PNG) government agreed to the founding of the Autonomous Bougainville Government and to certain rights and authorities which the autonomous government would have over what became known as Bougainville Province, which includes outlying small islands in addition to Bougainville Island itself.
^Bohane, Ben (8 October 2019). "The Bougainville Referendum And Beyond". Lowy Institute.
^Bahcheli, Tozun, Barry Bartmann, and Henry Srebrnik, eds. De facto states: the quest for sovereignty, p. 242. Routledge, 2004.
^ abBraithwaite 2010, pp. 86–87.
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Global Information
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Indonesia[1]
Solomon Islands
Fiji (alleged)
Julius Chan
Francis Ona