Bog iron is a form of impure iron deposit that develops in bogs or swamps by the chemical or biochemical oxidation of iron carried in solution. In general, bog ores consist primarily of iron oxyhydroxides, commonly goethite (FeO(OH)).
Iron-bearing groundwater typically emerges as a spring and the iron in it forms ferric hydroxide upon encountering the oxidizing environment of the surface. Bog ore often combines goethite, magnetite, and vugs or stained quartz. Oxidation may occur through enzyme catalysis by iron bacteria. It is not clear whether the magnetite precipitates upon the first contact with oxygen, then oxidizes to ferric compounds, or whether the ferric compounds are reduced when exposed to anoxic conditions upon burial beneath the sediment surface and reoxidized upon exhumation at the surface.[citation needed]
Bog iron, like other hydrous iron oxides, has a specific affinity for heavy metals.[1] This affinity combined with the porous structure and high specific surface area of bog iron make it a good natural sorbent.[2] These properties combined with the fact that bog iron is cheap to obtain are incentives for its utilization in environmental protection technologies.[2]
Part of Wall with Herma—usage of bog ore in architecture
Iron made from bog ore will often contain residual silicates, which can form a glassy coating that imparts some resistance to rusting.
Typical iron-bearing groundwater emerging as a spring. The iron is oxidized to ferric hydroxide upon encountering the oxidizing environment of the surface. A large number of these springs and seeps on the flood plain provide the iron for bog iron deposits.
^Kaczorek, Danuta, Gerhard W. Brümmer, and Michael Sommer (2009). "Content and Binding Forms of Heavy Metals, Aluminium and Phosphorus in Bog Iron Ores from Poland". Journal of Environmental Quality. 38 (3): 1109–1119. Bibcode:2009JEnvQ..38.1109K. doi:10.2134/jeq2008.0125. PMID 19398508. Archived from the original on 2019-02-07. Retrieved 2019-02-06 – via Alliance of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Science Societies Digital Library.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ abRzepa, Grzegorz, Tomasz Bajda, and Tadeusz Ratajczak (2009). "Utilization of bog iron ores as sorbents of heavy metals". Journal of Hazardous Materials. 162 (2–3): 1007–1013. Bibcode:2009JHzM..162.1007R. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.05.135. PMID 18614286.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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