This article is about blue space in urban planning. For the software, see Bluespace (software).
View of Brooklyn Bridge Park from Manhattan BridgeChristmas lights in Medellín, Colombia, in 2023
In urban planning and design, blue space (or blue infrastructure) comprises areas dominated by surface waterbodies or watercourses. In conjunction with greenspace (parks, gardens, etc. specifically: urban open space), it may help in reducing the risks of heat-related illness from high urban temperatures (urban heat island).[1]
Substantial urban waterbodies naturally exist as integral features of the geography of many cities because of their historical development, for example the River Thames in London.[2]
Accessible blue spaces can help revitalizing neighborhoods and promote increased social connectedness[3] as seen on waterfront renovation projects like the Chattanooga Waterfront (Chattanooga, Tennessee), the CityDeck in Green Bay, Wisconsin, or the Brooklyn Bridge Park in New York City,[4] further enhanced by waterfront festivals such as the Christmas lights in Medellin, in Colombia. Design guidelines promoting healthy buildings -such as, WELL -managed by The International WELL Building Institute™ (IWBI™),[5] or Fitwel -developed and managed by The Center for Active Design (CfAD),[6] recommend incorporating including and water features as a strategy to improve the health and wellness of the building occupants, and "the 9 foundations of a Healthy Building" -developed at Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health-,[7] also recommends indoor access to nature views or nature-inspired elements.
Because neighborhoods with access to attractive natural features are susceptible to gentrification,[8] the social benefits associated with waterbodies can be unequally distributed, with less affluent areas lacking access to good quality blue spaces.[9]
^Gunawardena, K.R.; Wells, M.J.; Kershaw, T. (15 April 2017). "Utilising green and bluespace to mitigate urban heat island intensity". Science of the Total Environment. 584–585: 1040–1055. Bibcode:2017ScTEn.584.1040G. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.01.158. ISSN 0048-9697. PMID 28161043.
^Gunawardena, K.R.; Wells, M.J.; Kershaw, T. (2017). "Utilising green and bluespace to mitigate urban heat island intensity". Science of the Total Environment. 584–585. Elsevier BV: 1040–1055. Bibcode:2017ScTEn.584.1040G. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.01.158. ISSN 0048-9697. PMID 28161043.
^White, Mathew P.; Elliott, Lewis R.; Gascon, Mireia; Roberts, Bethany; Fleming, Lora E. (1 December 2020). "Blue space, health and well-being: A narrative overview and synthesis of potential benefits". Environmental Research. 191: 110169. Bibcode:2020ER....19110169W. doi:10.1016/j.envres.2020.110169. ISSN 0013-9351. PMID 32971082.
^Gamble, David (2016). Rebuilding the American city : design and strategy for the 21st century core. New York, NY. ISBN 9781138798144.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^"International WELL Building Institute". www.wellcertified.com.
^"Fitwel". www.fitwel.org. Retrieved 1 December 2020.
^"9 Foundations of a Healthy Building". 9 Foundations. Retrieved 2020-12-29.
^Ngom, Roland; Gosselin, Pierre; Blais, Claudia (1 January 2016). "Reduction of disparities in access to green spaces: Their geographic insertion and recreational functions matter". Applied Geography. 66: 35–51. Bibcode:2016AppGe..66...35N. doi:10.1016/j.apgeog.2015.11.008. ISSN 0143-6228.
^Schüle, Steffen Andreas; Hilz, Lisa Karla; Dreger, Stefanie; Bolte, Gabriele (4 April 2019). "Social Inequalities in Environmental Resources of Green and Blue Spaces: A Review of Evidence in the WHO European Region". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 16 (7): 1216. doi:10.3390/ijerph16071216. ISSN 1660-4601. PMC 6480666. PMID 30987381.
In urban planning and design, bluespace (or blue infrastructure) comprises areas dominated by surface waterbodies or watercourses. In conjunction with...
Pale Blue Dot is a photograph of Earth taken on February 14, 1990, by the Voyager 1 space probe from an unprecedented distance of approximately 6 billion...
green space is open-space areas reserved for parks and other "green spaces", including plant life, water features - also referred to as bluespaces - and...
all the colors to be spaced uniformly, it was found necessary to use a color wheel with five primary colors: red, yellow, green, blue, and purple. Munsell...
Space Carrier Blue Noah (Japanese: 宇宙空母ブルーノア, Hepburn: Uchū Kūbo Burū Noa) is a science fiction anime television series produced by Office Academy which...
2021, New Shepard performed its first crewed mission to sub-orbital space called Blue Origin NS-16. The flight lasted approximately 10 minutes and crossed...
the International Space Station under NASA's Commercial Resupply Service 2 contract. The company is also in collaboration with Blue Origin to develop...
and their respective firms: Jeff Bezos's Blue Origin, which is seeking to establish an industrial base in space. Richard Branson's Virgin Group (through...
space station being designed by Blue Origin and Sierra Nevada Corporation's Sierra Space for commercial space activities and space tourism uses. Blue...
and isolation amid the vast expanse of space. Today, as speculated by NASA archivist Mike Gentry, The Blue Marble is among the most widely distributed...
commercial space companies Blue Origin, led by Amazon founder Jeff Bezos, and SpaceX, led by PayPal and Tesla Motors founder Elon Musk. Billionaire space race...
color spaces are additive colorimetric color spaces specifying part of its absolute color space definition using the RGB color model. RGB color spaces are...
Blue light is scattered more than other wavelengths by the gases in the atmosphere, hence our "blue planet". Earth's blue halo when seen from space Another...
Power Rangers Beast Morphers characters) Blue Senturion Bluefur (see Villains in Power Rangers Megaforce) Boom (Space Patrol Delta) Boomblaster (see List of...
"Blue Origin vs. SpaceX – Which is Winning the Space Race?". Alphr. Archived from the original on 18 May 2023. Retrieved 18 May 2023. "SpaceX vs. Blue...
unique colors of human vision: red, green, blue and yellow. CIELAB was intended as a perceptually uniform space, where a given numerical change corresponds...
white and gray, it is an achromatic color, literally a color without hue. Blue is a color, the perception of which is evoked by light having a spectrum...
BlueSpace Federal was an enterprise software small business that served the defense and intelligence communities, primarily in the United States. BlueSpace...
program and the first crewed flight of the Blue Moon lander. The mission will launch four astronauts on a Space Launch System rocket and an Orion to the...
computer monitors with color spaces based on the RGB color model, using the additive primary colors (red, green, and blue). A three-dimensional representation...
developed for space tourism by Blue Origin. The vehicle is named after Alan Shepard, who became the first American to travel into space and the fifth...
function spaces. Formally, a Hilbert space is a vector space equipped with an inner product that induces a distance function for which the space is a complete...
developing suborbital space tourism vehicles. This is being done by aerospace companies like Blue Origin and Virgin Galactic. SpaceX announced in 2018 that...
populations with access to bluespaces in the urban context. Accessible blue infrastructure in urban areas is also referred as to bluespaces. Ideas for green urban...
Axiom Space, Inc., also known as Axiom Space, is an American privately funded space infrastructure developer headquartered in Houston, Texas. Founded...
Alien, Gold Zeo and Phantom Rangers, the Blue Senturion, and KO-35's rebels are defeated and captured. The Space Rangers struggle to defend Earth, but are...
Global Information
