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Blood lead level (BLL), is a measure of the amount of lead in the blood.[1][2] Lead is a toxic heavy metal and can cause neurological damage, especially among children, at any detectable level. High lead levels cause decreased vitamin D and haemoglobin synthesis as well as anemia, acute central nervous system disorders, and possibly death.[3]
Pre-industrial human BLL measurements are estimated to have been 0.016 μg/dL, and this level increased markedly in the aftermath of the industrial revolution. At the end of the late 20th century, BLL measurements from remote human populations ranged from 0.8 to 3.2 μg/dL. Children in populations adjacent to industrial centers in developing countries often have average BLL measurements above 25 μg/dL. In the United States, the average blood level for children aged 1–5 years fell from 15.2 μg/dL in 1976–1980 to 0.83 μg/dL in 2011–2016. No level of lead in the blood of children is currently thought to be safe, but in 2021, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) identified 3.5 μg/dL as the blood lead level of concern in children which should prompt further medical investigation. Approximately 2.5% of American children have at least this much lead in their blood.[4]
^Klotz, Katrin; Göen, Thomas (2017). "Chapter 6. Human Biomonitoring of Lead Exposure". In Astrid, S.; Helmut, S.; Sigel, R. K. O. (eds.). Lead: Its Effects on Environment and Health. Metal Ions in Life Sciences. Vol. 17. de Gruyter. pp. 99–122. doi:10.1515/9783110434330-006. PMID 28731299.
^Pohl, Hana R.; Ingber, Susan Z.; Abadin, Henry G. (2017). "Chapter 13. Historical View on Lead: Guidelines and Regulations". In Astrid, S.; Helmut, S.; Sigel, R. K. O. (eds.). Lead: Its Effects on Environment and Health. Metal Ions in Life Sciences. Vol. 17. de Gruyter. pp. 435–470. doi:10.1515/9783110434330-013. PMID 28731306.
^Cite error: The named reference who was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Ruckart, Perri Zeitz (2021). "Update of the Blood Lead Reference Value — United States, 2021". MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 70 (43): 1509–1512. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm7043a4. ISSN 0149-2195. PMC 8553025. PMID 34710078.
Bloodleadlevel (BLL), is a measure of the amount of lead in the blood. Lead is a toxic heavy metal and can cause neurological damage, especially among...
cause of lead poisoning in adults with certain occupations at particular risk. Diagnosis is typically by measurement of the bloodleadlevel. The Centers...
10 μg/dL or more as having a "bloodleadlevel of concern". In 2021, the level was lowered in accordance with the average leadlevel in the U.S. decreasing to...
The blood sugar level, blood sugar concentration, blood glucose level, or glycemia is the measure of glucose concentrated in the blood. The body tightly...
lead emissions. In 1992, U.S. Congress required the Environmental Protection Agency to reduce the bloodleadlevels of the country's children. Lead use...
measured in a blood test Blood film, a way to look at blood cells under a microscope Blood gas test Bloodleadlevel Hematology, the study of blood Luminol...
Adult BloodLead Epidemiology and Surveillance (ABLES) program, a state-based surveillance program of laboratory-reported adult bloodleadlevels. In 2009...
millilitres. An exception is in pathology, where for instance bloodleadlevel and blood sugar level may be measured in micrograms/milligrams per decilitre....
demonstrated that elevated leadlevels in children's blood was correlated with elevated leadlevels in Flint water. Because lead screening is not completed...
a bloodleadlevel greater than or equal to 10 micrograms per deciliter whole blood (μg/dl) List of man-made mass chronic poisoning incidents Lead contamination...
levels, and there is no known safe exposure level. Authorities such as the American Academy of Pediatrics define lead poisoning as bloodleadlevels higher...
Hyperuricaemia or hyperuricemia is an abnormally high level of uric acid in the blood. In the pH conditions of body fluid, uric acid exists largely as...
acid–base, blood gases and drugs (used in therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) assays). Arterial levels for drugs are generally higher than venous levels because...
existing plant and to reduce airborne lead emissions drastically. Regardless of these upgrades, bloodleadlevels in young children continue to rise. In...
levels might have contributed to a small increase in bloodleadlevels (BLLs)". The report describes the background, and the various kinds of blood tests...
as lead poisoning, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and pediatric cancer. Many refugee children come to their host countries with elevated bloodleadlevels; others...
three-year-old girl had been found to have an elevated bloodleadlevel and resulting low iron levels and anemia, which is the conventional medical cause...
characterized by abnormally low levels of platelets (also known as thrombocytes) in the blood. Low levels of platelets in turn may lead to prolonged or excessive...
high levels of cholesterol in the blood. It is a form of hyperlipidemia (high levels of lipids in the blood), hyperlipoproteinemia (high levels of lipoproteins...
List of airline codes (B) Box Lacrosse League Bachelor of Laws (B.LL) Bloodleadlevel Business logic layer Search for "bll" on Wikipedia. All pages with...
to the leaching of lead into residential spigots. This can result in harmful exposure, including elevated bloodleadlevels. Lead is a known neurotoxin...
blood. This is often due to diet and lifestyle. Prolonged elevation of insulin resistance can also lead to dyslipidemia. Likewise, increased levels of...
diabetes mellitus. Acetohexamide A pill taken to lower the level of glucose (sugar) in the blood. People with Type 2 diabetes may take these pills. See also:...
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