According to the biodiversity hypothesis, reduced contact of people with natural environment and biodiversity may adversely affect the human commensal microbiota and its immunomodulatory capacity. The hypothesis is based on the observation that two dominant socio-ecological trends – the loss of biodiversity and increasing incidence of inflammatory diseases – are interconnected.[1][2][3]
Urbanization and fragmentation of habitats increasingly lead to loss of connection between human and natural environment. Furthermore, immunological non-communicable diseases have become increasingly common in recent decades especially in urbanized communities.[4]
^ abvon Hertzen L, Hanski I, Haahtela T (October 2011). "Natural immunity. Biodiversity loss and inflammatory diseases are two global megatrends that might be related". EMBO Reports. 12 (11): 1089–93. doi:10.1038/embor.2011.195. PMC 3207110. PMID 21979814.
^Hanski I, von Hertzen L, Fyhrquist N, Koskinen K, Torppa K, Laatikainen T, et al. (May 2012). "Environmental biodiversity, human microbiota, and allergy are interrelated". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 109 (21): 8334–9. Bibcode:2012PNAS..109.8334H. doi:10.1073/pnas.1205624109. PMC 3361383. PMID 22566627.
^Haahtela T, Holgate S, Pawankar R, Akdis CA, Benjaponpitak S, Caraballo L, Demain J, Portnoy J, von Hertzen L, et al. (WAO Special Committee on Climate Change and Biodiversity) (January 2013). "The biodiversity hypothesis and allergic disease: world allergy organization position statement". The World Allergy Organization Journal. 6 (1): 3. doi:10.1186/1939-4551-6-3. PMC 3646540. PMID 23663440.
^The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) Steering Committee (April 1998). "Worldwide variation in prevalence of symptoms of asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, and atopic eczema: ISAAC". Lancet. 351 (9111). London, England: 1225–32. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(97)07302-9. PMID 9643741. S2CID 26889807.
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species are the subset of established non-native alien or naturalized species that are a threat to native species and biodiversity. The term "invasive"...
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