A bimetallic nanoparticle is a combination of two different metals that exhibit several new and improved properties.[1][2][3] Bimetallic nano materials can be in the form of alloys, core-shell, or contact aggregate. Due to their novel properties, they have gained a lot of attention among the scientific and industrial communities. When used as catalysts, they show improved activity as compared to their monometallic counterparts. They are cost-effective, stable alternatives that exhibit high activity and selectivity. Hence a lot of effort has been put into the advancement of these catalysts. The combination or the type of metals present, how they are combined, and their size determines their properties.
Since two distinct metals are combined, optimizing their properties through manipulation is possible. There is a lot of flexibility in designing the bimetallic nanoparticle for specific applications. There are several techniques developed for their synthesis and accurate characterization. Improved electronic properties that arise due to bi-metallization is the most important among the novel properties. Electronic effects involve charge transfer or orbital hybridization between the constituent metals. Structural changes can result from alloy formation. The chemical and environmental parameters during their synthesis play a role in determining their structural properties. The difference in the reduction rates of the different metal precursors decides the end structural properties of the nanomaterial.
The synthesis of bimetallic nanoparticles can be done using co-reduction, successive reduction, reduction of complexes containing both the metals and electrochemical methods. Co-reduction and successive reduction methods are the most popular preparative techniques.
^Sharma, Gaurav; Kumar, Amit; Sharma, Shweta; Naushad, Mu.; Prakash Dwivedi, Ram; ALOthman, Zeid A.; Mola, Genene Tessema (2019-04-01). "Novel development of nanoparticles to bimetallic nanoparticles and their composites: A review". Journal of King Saud University - Science. 31 (2): 257–269. doi:10.1016/j.jksus.2017.06.012.
^Blosi, Magda; Ortelli, Simona; Costa, Anna Luisa; Dondi, Michele; Lolli, Alice; Andreoli, Sara; Benito, Patricia; Albonetti, Stefania (2016-07-08). "Bimetallic Nanoparticles as Efficient Catalysts: Facile and Green Microwave Synthesis". Materials. 9 (7): 550. Bibcode:2016Mate....9..550B. doi:10.3390/ma9070550. PMC 5456855. PMID 28773672.
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