The bicarbonate buffer system is an acid-base homeostatic mechanism involving the balance of carbonic acid (H2CO3), bicarbonate ion (HCO− 3), and carbon dioxide (CO2) in order to maintain pH in the blood and duodenum, among other tissues, to support proper metabolic function.[1] Catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase, carbon dioxide (CO2) reacts with water (H2O) to form carbonic acid (H2CO3), which in turn rapidly dissociates to form a bicarbonate ion (HCO− 3 ) and a hydrogen ion (H+) as shown in the following reaction:[2][3][4]
As with any buffer system, the pH is balanced by the presence of both a weak acid (for example, H2CO3) and its conjugate base (for example, HCO− 3) so that any excess acid or base introduced to the system is neutralized.
Failure of this system to function properly results in acid-base imbalance, such as acidemia (pH < 7.35) and alkalemia (pH > 7.45) in the blood.[5]
^Krieg, Brian J.; Taghavi, Seyed Mohammad; Amidon, Gordon L.; Amidon, Gregory E. (2014-11-01). "In Vivo Predictive Dissolution: Transport Analysis of the CO2, Bicarbonate In Vivo Buffer System" (PDF). Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 103 (11): 3473–3490. doi:10.1002/jps.24108. hdl:2027.42/109280. ISSN 1520-6017. PMID 25212721.
^Oxtoby, David W.; Gillis, Pat (2015). "Acid-base equilibria". Principles of Modern Chemistry (8 ed.). Boston, MA: Cengage Learning. pp. 611–753. ISBN 978-1305079113.
^Widmaier, Eric; Raff, Hershel; Strang, Kevin (2014). "The kidneys and regulation of water and inorganic ions". Vander's Human Physiology (13 ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. pp. 446–489. ISBN 978-0073378305.
^Meldrum, N. U.; Roughton, F. J. W. (1933-12-05). "Carbonic anhydrase. Its preparation and properties". The Journal of Physiology. 80 (2): 113–142. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1933.sp003077. ISSN 0022-3751. PMC 1394121. PMID 16994489.
^Rhoades, Rodney A.; Bell, David R. (2012). Medical physiology : principles for clinical medicine (4th ed., International ed.). Philadelphia, Pa.: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 9781451110395.
and 26 Related for: Bicarbonate buffer system information
The bicarbonatebuffersystem is an acid-base homeostatic mechanism involving the balance of carbonic acid (H2CO3), bicarbonate ion (HCO− 3), and carbon...
living systems that use buffering for pH regulation. For example, the bicarbonatebufferingsystem is used to regulate the pH of blood, and bicarbonate also...
chemical formula HCO− 3. Bicarbonate serves a crucial biochemical role in the physiological pH bufferingsystem. The term "bicarbonate" was coined in 1814...
dioxide. These chemical species play an important role in the bicarbonatebuffersystem, used to maintain acid–base homeostasis. In chemistry, the term...
9, ammonium bicarbonate is one of the only options available as the primary buffering agent for most LC-MS buffers. Ammonium bicarbonate is also a key...
bicarbonatebuffersystem can also come into play. Renal compensation can help the bicarbonatebuffersystem. The sensor for the plasma bicarbonate concentration...
Sodium bicarbonate (IUPAC name: sodium hydrogencarbonate), commonly known as baking soda or bicarbonate of soda, is a chemical compound with the formula...
regulates the acidity of the blood by four buffering mechanisms. Bicarbonatebufferingsystem Intracellular buffering by absorption of hydrogen atoms by various...
(metabolic acidosis). The body initially buffers the change with the bicarbonatebufferingsystem, but this system is quickly overwhelmed and other mechanisms...
carbon dioxide, the latter of which acidifies the blood via the bicarbonatebuffersystem. The resulting acidity causes the hemoglobin of the blood to lose...
anaerobic exercise is among others due to factors including the bicarbonatebuffersystem. The body tries to compensate for the accumulation of lactate...
the bicarbonatebuffersystem (HCO3-/CO2), which allows maintaining a constant pH level of the blood and extracellular fluid. This buffersystem is described...
with disease or intoxication, cause loss of HCO− 3 due to bicarbonate's activity as a buffer (without a concurrent increase in Cl−). Thus, finding a high...
sanitation systems. Livestock urine and feces also require proper management if the livestock population density is high. Most animals have excretory systems for...
deal of phosphate, amino acids and vitamins. RPMI 1640 uses a bicarbonatebufferingsystem and requires a 5–10% CO2 atmosphere to maintain physiological...
base of acetic acid is acetate. Carbonic acid, which occurs in bicarbonatebuffersystems in nature, is not generally classed as one of the carboxylic acids...
blood calcium. Sodium bicarbonate is in the alkalinizing family of medication. It works by increasing blood bicarbonate, which buffers excess hydrogen ion...
of a carbonate or bicarbonate and a weak acid. The base and acid are prevented from reacting prematurely by the inclusion of a buffer such as cornstarch...
physiology: Note that in this equation, the HB/B- buffersystem represents all non-bicarbonatebuffers present in the blood, such as hemoglobin in its various...
feedback systems to increase production when needed, such as after a meal. Other cells in the stomach produce bicarbonate, a base, to buffer the fluid...
individual buffer system regardless of other buffers present. That is, in vivo, knowing the concentration of pCO2 (weak acid) and bicarbonate (conjugate base)...
proteins. As the first two chemicals may damage the stomach wall, mucus and bicarbonates are secreted by the stomach. They provide a slimy layer that acts as...
present, and a chronic phase is entered with partial buffering of the acidosis through renal bicarbonate retention. However, in cases where chronic illnesses...
lead to unwanted side reactions and degradation. A simple sodium bicarbonatebuffersystem is commonly employed to alleviate this issue, which is especially...
through the urine, via gas exchange in the lungs, or buffer it in the blood. The bicarbonatebufferingsystem of blood plasma effectively holds a steady pH and...
waters contain added or dissolved minerals such as potassium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium citrate, or potassium sulfate. These occur naturally...