Intravenous sodium bicarbonate, also known as sodium hydrogen carbonate, is a medication primarily used to treat severe metabolic acidosis.[2] For this purpose it is generally only used when the pH is less than 7.1 and when the underlying cause is either diarrhea, vomiting, or the kidneys.[3] Other uses include high blood potassium, tricyclic antidepressant overdose, and cocaine toxicity as well as a number of other poisonings.[2][4][5] It is given by injection into a vein.[3]
Side effects may include low blood potassium, high blood sodium, and swelling.[2][5] It is not recommended for people with low blood calcium level.[6] Sodium bicarbonate is in the alkalinizing family of medications.[6] It works by increasing blood bicarbonate, which buffers excess hydrogen ion and raises blood pH.[6]
Commercial production of sodium bicarbonate began between 1791 and 1823.[7] Intravenous medical use began around the 1950s.[5] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[8] Sodium bicarbonate is available as a generic medication.[6]
^"Sodium bicarbonate Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com. 28 November 2019. Retrieved 31 March 2020.
^ abcWorld Health Organization (2009). Stuart MC, Kouimtzi M, Hill SR (eds.). WHO Model Formulary 2008. World Health Organization. pp. 489–492. hdl:10665/44053. ISBN 9789241547659.
^ abBritish National Formulary: BNF 69 (69th ed.). British Medical Association. 2015. p. 684. ISBN 9780857111562.
^Bruccoleri RE, Burns MM (March 2016). "A Literature Review of the Use of Sodium Bicarbonate for the Treatment of QRS Widening". Journal of Medical Toxicology. 12 (1): 121–129. doi:10.1007/s13181-015-0483-y. PMC 4781799. PMID 26159649.
^ abcLiebelt EL (2014). "Sodium Bicarbonate". In Dart RC (ed.). Medical Toxicology. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 257. ISBN 9780781728454. Archived from the original on 16 January 2017.
^ abcd"Sodium Bicarbonate". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 18 January 2017. Retrieved 8 January 2017.
^Ihde AJ (1970). "Chemical Industry I: The Nineteenth Century". The Development of Modern Chemistry. Courier Corporation. p. 447. ISBN 9780486642352. Archived from the original on 16 January 2017.
^World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
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