Romanian troops crossing the mountains into Transylvania
Date
27 August – 16 October 1916
Location
Transylvania, Austria-Hungary (today in Romania)
Result
Central Powers victory
Full results
Romanian invasion repulsed
Successful Romanian retreat (Central Powers failure to destroy any of the three Romanian armies)
Erich von Falkenhayn replaced as Chief of Staff of the Imperial German Army
German offensive at Verdun halted, as well as German offensives on other fronts
Central Powers invasion of Dobruja
Assumption of supreme military command of the Central Powers by the German emperor
Belligerents
Kingdom of Romania
Austria-Hungary German Empire
Commanders and leaders
Ioan Culcer Alexandru Averescu Grigore Crăiniceanu (replaced Averescu after Turtucaia) Constantin Prezan
Erich von Falkenhayn Arthur Arz von Straußenburg
Units involved
1st Army 2nd Army North Army
1st Army 9th Army
Strength
27 August: 369,000[1]
18 September: Less than the Central Powers[2]
27 August: 34,000[3]
18 September: >200,000[4]
Casualties and losses
Unknown
Unknown
200,000 civilians internally displaced
v
t
e
Romanian Campaign
1916 Campaign
Transylvania
Northern front
Sibiu (offensive)
Petroșani (offensive)
Șelimbăr
Livadia
Baru
1st Petroșani
2nd Petroșani
Roșia
Mount Cindrel
Colun
Sibiu
3rd Petroșani
Bărcuț
Brașov
Bulgaria
Ruse
Flămânda
Orșova (offensive)
Băile Herculane
Dobruja
Turtucaia
Bazargic
1st Cobadin
2nd Cobadin
1st Orșova
Cinghinarele
Southern Carpathians
Predeal
1st Oituz
Sălătrucu
1st Jiu Valley
Dragoslavele
Eastern Carpathians
Úz Valley
Ghimeș
Olt Valley
The Romanian Debacle
2nd Jiu Valley
2nd Oituz
Zimnicea
Slatina
Robănești
Bucharest
Prunaru
Pitești–Târgoviște
Argeș
Retreat
Buzău
Râmnicu Sărat
Brăila
Focșani
1917 Campaign
Mărăști
Mărășești
3rd Oituz
Galați
Bessarabia
Treaty of Buftea
Treaty of Bucharest
Romania rejoins the war
The Battle of Transylvania was the first major operation of Romania during World War I, beginning on 27 August 1916. It started as an attempt by the Romanian Army to seize Transylvania, and potentially knock Austria-Hungary out of the war. Although initially successful, the offensive was brought to a halt after Bulgaria's attack on Dobruja. Coupled with a successful German and Austro-Hungarian counterattack which started in mid-September, the Romanian Army was eventually forced to retreat back to the Carpathians by mid-October. The Romanian armies however managed to escape the Central Powers' attempts to completely destroy them. The Battle of Transylvania also caused the replacement of the Chief of Staff of the German Army and the shifting of German attention to the region, causing German offensive operations at Verdun to cease.
^Holger H. Herwig, A&C Black, Apr 24, 2014, The First World War: Germany and Austria-Hungary 1914-1918, p. 211
^Stephen Pope, Elizabeth-Anne Wheal, Pen and Sword, Nov 1, 2007, Dictionary of the First World War, p. 399
^Holger H. Herwig, A&C Black, Apr 24, 2014, The First World War: Germany and Austria-Hungary 1914-1918, p. 211
^Stephen Pope, Elizabeth-Anne Wheal, Pen and Sword, Nov 1, 2007, Dictionary of the First World War, p. 399
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