This article is about the 1941 battle. For other uses, see Battle of Moscow (disambiguation).
"Operation Typhoon" redirects here. For the 1943 German landing on Leros, see Battle of Leros.
Battle of Moscow
Part of the Eastern Front of World War II
Soviet anti-aircraft gunners on the roof of the Hotel Moskva
Date
30 September 1941 – 7 January 1942 (3 months, 1 week and 1 day)
Location
Moscow Oblast, Russian SFSR, USSR
Result
Soviet victory
End of Operation Barbarossa
Beginning of Soviet counterattacks
Germany fails to seize Moscow
Belligerents
Germany
Soviet Union
Commanders and leaders
Adolf Hitler
Franz Halder
Walther von Brauchitsch
Fedor von Bock
Heinz Guderian
Walter Model
Günther von Kluge
G.H. Reinhardt
Adolf Strauss
Erich Hoepner
Joseph Stalin
Georgy Zhukov
Aleksandr Vasilevsky
Ivan Konev
Semyon Timoshenko
Boris Shaposhnikov
Konstantin Rokossovsky
Leonid Govorov
Semyon Budyonny
Pavel Belov
Lev Dovator †
Nikolai Vatutin
Issa Pliyev
Mikhail Katukov
Vasily Kuznetsov
Pavel Rotmistrov
Units involved
Army Group Centre
2nd Panzer Army
3rd Panzer Army
4th Panzer Army
2nd Army
4th Army
9th Army
Western Front
16th Army
19th Army
20th Army
22nd Army
29th Army
30th Army
1st Shock Army
Cavalry Group "Dovator"
Cavalry Group "Belov"
Reserve Front
24th Army
31st Army
32nd Army
43rd Army
49th Army
Bryansk Front
Operational Group Ermakov
3rd Army
13th Army
50th Army
Strength
As of 1 October 1941:
1,184,000–1,929,406 men[1][2][3][4][5]
1,000–2,470 tanks and assault guns[6][7]
14,000 guns
Initial aircraft: 549 serviceable;[8][9][10] at time of counter offensive: 599[11]
As of 1 October 1941:
1,252,591 men[12]
1,044[13]–3,232 tanks
7,600 guns
Initial aircraft: 936 (545 serviceable);[8] at time of counteroffensive: 1,376[11]
Casualties and losses
German strategic offensive: (1 October 1941 to 10 January 1942)
October: 62,870
November: 46,374
December: 41,819
January: 23,131
German estimated: 174,194 KIA, WIA, MIA (see §7)[14]
Soviet estimated: 581,000 killed, missing, wounded and captured.[15]
Moscow Defense:[16] (30 September 1941 to 5 December 1941)
514,338 killed or missing
143,941 wounded
Moscow Offensive:[16] (5 December 1941 to 7 January 1942)
139,586 killed or missing
231,369 wounded
Total: 1,029,234 (see § Casualties)
v
t
e
Eastern Front
Naval warfare
Baltic Sea
Black Sea
Arctic Ocean
1941
Barbarossa
Brest
Białystok–Minsk
1st Baltic
Brody
Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina
1st Smolensk
Uman
Odessa
1st Kiev
Tallinn
Leningrad
Sea of Azov
1st Kharkov
1st Crimea
Sevastopol
Rostov
Gorky
Moscow
Finland
Kerch
Chechnya
Air war 1941
1942
Lyuban
Barvenkovo–Lozovaya
Rzhev
Toropets–Kholm
Demyansk
Kholm
2nd Kharkov
Case Blue
Caucasus
Rzhev–Sychyovka
Sinyavino
Stalingrad
Velikiye Luki
Mars
Little Saturn
1943
Iskra
Ostrogozhsk–Rossosh
Voronezh–Kharkov
Polar Star
3rd Kharkov
Gorky Blitz
Kursk
1st Donbas
Belgorod-Kharkov
2nd Donbas
2nd Smolensk
Lenino
Dnieper
Nevel
2nd Kiev
1944
Dnieper–Carpathian
Leningrad–Novgorod
Narva
2nd Crimea
1st Jassy–Kishinev
Karelia
Bagration
Lvov–Sandomierz
Doppelkopf
2nd Jassy–Kishinev
Dukla Pass
2nd Baltic
Belgrade
Debrecen
Petsamo–Kirkenes
Courland
Gumbinnen
Budapest
1945
Vistula–Oder
Western Carpathian
East Prussia
Silesia
Breslau
Solstice
East Pomerania
Lake Balaton
Moravia–Ostrava
Vienna
Bratislava–Brno
Berlin
Prague
Prague uprising
v
t
e
Operation Barbarossa
German declaration of war
Phase 1
Brest
Białystok–Minsk
1st Baltic
Raseiniai
Brody
Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina
Mogilev
Phase 2
Smolensk
Roslavl–Novozybkov
Advance on Leningrad
Phase 3
Uman
Odessa
1st Kiev
Tallinn
Petrikowka
Yelnya
Leningrad
Sea of Azov
Phase 4
1st Kharkov
Beowulf
Donbas–Rostov
Bryansk
1st Crimea
Sevastopol
Tikhvin
1st Rostov
Bombing of Gorky
Moscow
Air war
Air war 1941
Air war 22 june 1941
The Battle of Moscow was a military campaign that consisted of two periods of strategically significant fighting on a 600 km (370 mi) sector of the Eastern Front during World War II, between September 1941 and January 1942. The Soviet defensive effort frustrated Hitler's attack on Moscow, the capital and largest city of the Soviet Union. Moscow was one of the primary military and political objectives for Axis forces in their invasion of the Soviet Union.
The German Strategic Offensive, named Operation Typhoon, called for two pincer offensives, one to the north of Moscow against the Kalinin Front by the 3rd and 4th Panzer Armies, simultaneously severing the Moscow–Leningrad railway, and another to the south of Moscow Oblast against the Western Front south of Tula, by the 2nd Panzer Army, while the 4th Army advanced directly towards Moscow from the west.
Initially, the Soviet forces conducted a strategic defence of the Moscow Oblast by constructing three defensive belts, deploying newly raised reserve armies, and bringing troops from the Siberian and Far Eastern Military Districts. As the German offensives were halted, a Soviet strategic counter-offensive and smaller-scale offensive operations forced the German armies back to the positions around the cities of Oryol, Vyazma and Vitebsk, and nearly surrounded three German armies. It was a major setback for the Germans, and the end of their belief in a swift German victory over the USSR.[17] As a result of the failed offensive, Field Marshal Walther von Brauchitsch was dismissed as supreme commander of the German Army, with Hitler replacing him in the position.
^Zetterling & Frankson 2012, p. 253.
^Mercatante (2012). Why Germany Nearly Won: A New History of the Second World War in Europe. Abc-Clio. p. 105. ISBN 978-0313395932.
^Stahel, David (2013). Operation Typhoon: Hitler's March on Moscow, October 1941. Cambridge University Press. p. 45. ISBN 978-1107035126.
^Stahel, David (2011). Kiev 1941. Cambridge University Press. p. 339. ISBN 978-1139503600.
^Glantz, David M. (2001). Barbarossa: Hitler's Invasion of Russia 1941. Tempus Publishing Ltd. p. 141. ISBN 978-0739417973.
^Glantz (1995), p. 78.
^Liedtke 2016, p. 148.
^ abBergström 2007 p. 90.
^Williamson 1983, p. 132.
^Both sources use Luftwaffe records. The often quoted figures of 900–1,300 do not correspond with recorded Luftwaffe strength returns. Sources: Prien, J.; Stremmer, G.; Rodeike, P.; Bock, W. Die Jagdfliegerverbande der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945, parts 6/I and II; U.S National Archives, German Orders of Battle, Statistics of Quarter Years.
^ abBergström 2007, p. 111.
^Liedtke, Enduring the Whirlwind, 3449. Kindle.
^"РОССИЯ И СССР В ВОЙНАХ XX ВЕКА. Глава V. ВЕЛИКАЯ ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННАЯ ВОЙНА". rus-sky.com.
^"1941". Archived from the original on 25 October 2012.
^"ВОЕННАЯ ЛИТЕРАТУРА --[ Исследования ]-- Мягков М.Ю. Вермахт у ворот Москвы, 1941-1942". militera.lib.ru.
^ abDavid M. Glantz. When Titans Clashed. pp. 298, 299.
^Shirer, William L. "24, Swedish (Book III)". The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich. pp. 275–87.
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