Battle of Kulikovo information

Battle of Kulikovo
	Part of the Great Troubles
	; Dmitry Donskoy on the way to Kulikovo Field, miniature from the Illustrated Chronicle of Ivan the Terrible
Date	8 September 1380
Location	Kulikovo Field (now Tula Oblast)
Result	Russian victory Unification of the Russian nation;
Belligerents
Moscow Principality of Beloozero; Principality of Yaroslavl; Principality of Rostov; Principality of Starodub; Principality of Mologa; Principality of Kashin; Princes from Vyazma and Dorogobuzh; Part of Upper Oka Principalities; Lithuanian princes of Polotsk and Bryansk in exile;	Mamai, controlling the western part of the Golden Horde European mercenaries; Principality of Ryazan; Genoese mercenaries; Cumans; Circassians; Lithuania (arrived too late to aid Mamai; retreated at the news of Mamai's defeat);
Commanders and leaders
Dmitry Ivanovich of Moscow; Vladimir Andreyevich the Bold	Mamai; Muhammad Bolak †
Strength
30,000–50/60,000–150,000	30,000 100,000 † 200,000–300,000

The Battle of Kulikovo (Russian: Куликовская битва, romanized: Kulikovskaya bitva)^[a] was fought between the forces of Mamai and Russian forces led by Grand Prince Dmitry of Moscow.^[8]^[9]^[10] The battle took place on 8 September 1380,^[11] at Kulikovo Field near the Don River (now Tula Oblast, Russia) and was won by Dmitry,^[12] who became known as Donskoy ("of the Don") after the battle.^[12]

Although the victory did not end Mongol domination over Russia, it is traditionally regarded as the turning point at which Mongol influence began to wane and Moscow's power began to rise.^[2]^[11] The battle would allow Moscow to strengthen its claims of ascendancy over the other Russian principalities,^[13] in which it would ultimately become the centre of a centralized Russian state.^[14]^[15]^[16]^[17]^[18] Russians also finally ended the national fragmentation among the Russian people, and the battle is considered the beginning of the unification of the Russian nation into one whole.^[6]

The victory at Kulikovo is commemorated in Russia as a Day of Military Honour.

^ ^a ^b Halperin 2016, p. 10.
^ ^a ^b Borrero 2009, p. 208.
^ Гумилев 2023, p. 266.
^ ^a ^b Podhorodecki 2008, p. 106.
^ Razin 1999, p. 272.
^ ^a ^b ^c Гумилев 2023, p. 264.
^ История русской армии.– Москва: Эксмо, 2023. – 768с.–(Подарочные издания. Российская императорская библиотека). IBSN 978-5-699-42397-2. P.19
^ Moss 2003, p. 82.
^ Galeotti 2019, p. 6, Russians, with Grand Prince Dmitry at the centre.
^ Borrero 2009, p. 208, The Russian armies, led by Grand Prince Dmitrii of Moscow, son of Ivan II.
^ ^a ^b Kort 2008, p. 21.
^ ^a ^b Bushkovitch 2011, p. 23.
^ Crummey 2014, p. 53, Certainly Kulikovo did not free the Russian principalities... The victory at Kulikovo, however, greatly increased the prestige of the ruler of Moscow.
^ Timofeychev, A. (2017-07-19). "The Battle of Kulikovo: When the Russian Nation Was Born". Russia Beyond the Headlines. Retrieved 2020-01-29.
^ Borrero 2009, p. 208, It strengthened the claims of the rulers of Moscow to ascendancy over the other Russian principalities. But it marked only the beginning of the end of Mongol rule over Russia.
^ Meyendorff, John (24 June 2010). Byzantium and the Rise of Russia: A Study of Byzantino-Russian Relations in the Fourteenth Century. Cambridge University Press. p. 226. ISBN 978-0-521-13533-7.
^ Kort 2008, p. 21, Moscow's strength, especially relative to other Russian principalities, continued to grow.
^ Keller 2020, p. 25, Two years later... the Russians were actually under harsher Mongol control... Despite this, Dmitri had laid important groundwork for Moscow's future dominance.

Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).

[FOOTNOTEHalperin201610-1] Halperin 2016, p. 10.

[FOOTNOTEBorrero2009208-2] Borrero 2009, p. 208.

[FOOTNOTEГумилев2023266-3] Гумилев 2023, p. 266.

[FOOTNOTEPodhorodecki2008106-4] Podhorodecki 2008, p. 106.

[FOOTNOTERazin1999272-5] Razin 1999, p. 272.

[FOOTNOTEГумилев2023264-6] Гумилев 2023, p. 264.

[7] История русской армии.– Москва: Эксмо, 2023. – 768с.–(Подарочные издания. Российская императорская библиотека). IBSN 978-5-699-42397-2. P.19

[FOOTNOTEMoss200382-9] Moss 2003, p. 82.

[FOOTNOTEGaleotti20196Russians,_with_Grand_Prince_Dmitry_at_the_centre-10] Galeotti 2019, p. 6, Russians, with Grand Prince Dmitry at the centre.

[FOOTNOTEBorrero2009208The_Russian_armies,_led_by_Grand_Prince_Dmitrii_of_Moscow,_son_of_Ivan_II-11] Borrero 2009, p. 208, The Russian armies, led by Grand Prince Dmitrii of Moscow, son of Ivan II.

[FOOTNOTEKort200821-12] Kort 2008, p. 21.

[FOOTNOTEBushkovitch201123-13] Bushkovitch 2011, p. 23.

[FOOTNOTECrummey201453Certainly_Kulikovo_did_not_free_the_Russian_principalities..._The_victory_at_Kulikovo,_however,_greatly_increased_the_prestige_of_the_ruler_of_Moscow-14] Crummey 2014, p. 53, Certainly Kulikovo did not free the Russian principalities... The victory at Kulikovo, however, greatly increased the prestige of the ruler of Moscow.

[15] Timofeychev, A. (2017-07-19). "The Battle of Kulikovo: When the Russian Nation Was Born". Russia Beyond the Headlines. Retrieved 2020-01-29.

[FOOTNOTEBorrero2009208It_strengthened_the_claims_of_the_rulers_of_Moscow_to_ascendancy_over_the_other_Russian_principalities._But_it_marked_only_the_beginning_of_the_end_of_Mongol_rule_over_Russia-16] Borrero 2009, p. 208, It strengthened the claims of the rulers of Moscow to ascendancy over the other Russian principalities. But it marked only the beginning of the end of Mongol rule over Russia.

[17] Meyendorff, John (24 June 2010). Byzantium and the Rise of Russia: A Study of Byzantino-Russian Relations in the Fourteenth Century. Cambridge University Press. p. 226. ISBN 978-0-521-13533-7.

[FOOTNOTEKort200821Moscow's_strength,_especially_relative_to_other_Russian_principalities,_continued_to_grow-18] Kort 2008, p. 21, Moscow's strength, especially relative to other Russian principalities, continued to grow.

[FOOTNOTEKeller202025Two_years_later..._the_Russians_were_actually_under_harsher_Mongol_control..._Despite_this,_Dmitri_had_laid_important_groundwork_for_Moscow's_future_dominance-19] Keller 2020, p. 25, Two years later... the Russians were actually under harsher Mongol control... Despite this, Dmitri had laid important groundwork for Moscow's future dominance.

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