Crusaders control central coast of Palestine (including Jaffa)
Belligerents
Angevin Empire Kingdom of France Kingdom of JerusalemKnights Hospitaller Knights Templar Contingents from other states
Ayyubid Sultanate
Commanders and leaders
Richard I, King of England Hugh III, Duke of Burgundy Guy of Lusignan Garnier de Nablus Robert IV of Sablé James of Avesnes † Henry II, Count of Champagne
Saladin Saphadin Al-Afdal ibn Saladin Aladdin of Mosul Musek, Grand Emir of the Kurds † Al-Muzaffar Taqi al-Din Umar
Strength
11,200 (total)[2][3]
10,000 infantry
1,200 heavy cavalry
25,000 cavalry[2]
Casualties and losses
c. 700 killed (est.)[4] (Itinerarium)
c. 7,000 killed (est.)[5] (Itinerarium)
v
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Third Crusade
Alvor
Silves
Acre
Philomelion
Iconium
Arsuf
Jaffa
v
t
e
Crusades: battles in the Levant (1096–1303)
First Crusade
Xerigordos
Civetot
Nicaea
1st Dorylaeum
1st Antioch
Samosata
2nd Antioch
Ma'arra
Arqa
1st Jerusalem
1st Ascalon
Period post-First Crusade
Arsuf
Melitene
Mersivan
1st Heraclea
2nd Heraclea
1st Ramla
2nd Ramla
1st Tripoli
1st Acre
Harran
3rd Ramla
Artah
Beirut
Sidon
1st Shaizar
Al-Sannabra
Sarmin
Ager Sanguinis
Hab
Jaffa and Tyre
Yibneh
1st Aleppo
Azaz
Marj al-Saffar
al-Atharib
Rafaniyya
Antioch
Qinnasrin
Ba'rin
2nd Aleppo
2nd Shaizar
Edessa 1144
Edessa 1146
Bosra
Second Crusade
1st Constantinople
2nd Dorylaeum
Ephesus
Meander Valley
Mount Cadmus
Damascus
Period post-Second Crusade
Inab
Aintab
2nd Ascalon
Lake Huleh
Butaiha
al-Buqaia
Harim
1st Bilbeis
al-Babein
2nd Bilbeis
1st Damietta
Alexandria
Montgisard
Banias
Marj Ayyun
Jacob's Ford
Red Sea
1st Belvoir Castle
Al-Fule
Kerak
Cresson
Hattin
2nd Jerusalem
3rd Tyre
2nd Belvoir Castle
Laodicea
Sahyun
Al-Shughur
Bourzey
Safed
Third Crusade
Acre and Tyre
Philomelion
Iconium
1st Arsuf
1st Jaffa
Period post-Third Crusade
2nd Jaffa
Toron
Fourth Crusade
Zara
2nd Constantinople
3rd Constantinople
Fifth Crusade
Mount Tabor
Machghara
2nd Damietta
1st Fariskur
1st Mansurah
Sixth Crusade and aftermath
Gaza
3rd Jerusalem
Forbie
3rd Ascalon
Seventh Crusade
3rd Damietta
2nd Mansurah
2nd Fariskur
End of the Crusader states in the Levant
2nd Arsuf
Caesarea
Haifa
Safed
2nd Antioch
Eighth Crusade
Krak des Chevaliers
2nd Tripoli
Lord Edward's Crusade
Homs
Margat
3rd Tripoli
2nd Acre
Ruad
The Battle of Arsuf took place on 7 September 1191, as part of the Third Crusade. It saw a multi-national force of Crusaders, led by Richard I of England, defeat a significantly larger army of the Ayyubid Sultanate, led by Saladin.
Following the Crusaders' capture of Acre, Saladin moved to intercept Richard's advancing army just outside of the city of Arsuf (Arsur in Latin) as it moved along the coast from Acre towards Jaffa. In an attempt to disrupt the cohesion of the Crusader army as they mobilized, the Ayyubid force launched a series of harassing attacks that were ultimately unsuccessful at breaking their formation. As the Crusaders crossed the plain to the north of Arsuf, Saladin committed the whole of his army to a pitched battle. The Crusader army maintained a defensive formation as it marched, with Richard awaiting the ideal moment to mount a counterattack. However, after the Knights Hospitaller launched a charge at the Ayyubids, Richard was forced to commit his entire force to support the attack. The Crusader charge broke the Ayyubid army; Richard was able to restrain his cavalry from a rash pursuit, regrouping them to achieve victory.
Following the engagement, the Crusaders secured control over the central coast of Palestine, including the city of Jaffa.
^Claster, Jill N. Sacred Violence: The European Crusades to the Middle East, 1095–1396. University of Toronto Press, 2009. p. 207: "On September 7, just north of Arsuf, Richard and Saladin met in a pitched battle, the first time they fought face-to-face. The Muslims were not able to withstand Richard's mounted knights, and he won a decisive victory."
^ abBoas, p. 78
^Bennett, p. 101.
^a tenth or a hundredth of the Ayyubid casualties, according to the Itinerarium (trans. 2001 Archived 9 August 2019 at the Wayback Machine Book IV Ch. XIX, p. 185)
^7,000 dead according to the Itinerarium trans. 2001 Archived 9 August 2019 at the Wayback Machine Book IV Ch. XIX, p. 185
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