The Babylonian calendar was a lunisolar calendar used in Mesopotamia from around the second millennium BCE until the Seleucid Era (294 BCE), and it was specifically used in Babylon from the Old Babylonian Period (1780 BCE) until the Seleucid Era. The civil lunisolar calendar was used contemporaneously with an administrative calendar of 360 days, with the latter used only in fiscal or astronomical contexts.[1] The lunisolar calendar descends from an older Sumerian calendar used in the 4th and 3rd millennia BCE.[2]
The civil lunisolar calendar had years consisting of 12 lunar months, each beginning when a new crescent moon was first sighted low on the western horizon at sunset, plus an intercalary month inserted as needed, at first by decree and then later systematically according to what is now known as the Metonic cycle.[3]
Month names from the Babylonian calendar appear in the Hebrew calendar, Assyrian calendar, Syriac calendar, Old Persian calendar, and Turkish calendar.
^Brack-Bernsen, Lis (2007). "The 360-Day Year in Mesopotamia". In Steele, John M. (ed.). Calendars and Years: Astronomy and Time in the Ancient Near East. Oxbow Books. pp. 83–100. ISBN 978-1-84217-302-2.
^Sharlach, Tonia (2013-08-29). "Calendars and Counting". In Crawford, Harriet (ed.). The Sumerian World. Routledge. pp. 311–318. ISBN 978-1-136-21912-2.
^Britton, John P. (2007). "Calendars, Intercalations and Year-Lengths in Mesopotamian Astronomy". In Steele, John M. (ed.). Calendars and Years: Astronomy and Time in the Ancient Near East. Oxbow Books. pp. 115–132. ISBN 978-1-84217-302-2.
and 28 Related for: Babylonian calendar information
The Babyloniancalendar was a lunisolar calendar used in Mesopotamia from around the second millennium BCE until the Seleucid Era (294 BCE), and it was...
time of night from the zodiacal signs. Babylonian astrology BabyloniancalendarBabylonian mathematics Babylonian star catalogues Egyptian astronomy History...
all modern Zoroastrian calendars is the system used to determine dates in the Persian Empire, adopted from the Babyloniancalendar by the 4th century BCE...
(mythology), Babylonian and Sumerian god Tammuz (Hebrew month), the 4th month of the Hebrew calendar Tammuz (Babyloniancalendar), a month in the Babylonian calendar...
distinguishes the groupings Egyptian calendars (Ancient Egypt), Babyloniancalendars (Ancient Mesopotamia), Indian calendars (Hindu and Buddhist traditions...
Babylonian religion is the religious practice of Babylonia. Babylonia's mythology was greatly influenced by its Sumerian counterparts and was written on...
about only four hours since Babylonian times.[citation needed] The new moon is the beginning of the month in the Chinese calendar. Some Buddhist Chinese keep...
the Temple. During the Babylonian captivity, the Jewish people adopted the Babylonian names for the months. The Babyloniancalendar descended directly from...
(uncertain if he was a Zoroastrian) conquered Babylon and the Babylonian luni-solar calendar came into use for civil purposes. Cambyses conquered Egypt in...
(present-day Iraq) Babylonian language, a dialect of the Akkadian language Babylonia (disambiguation) Babylonian astronomy BabyloniancalendarBabylonian captivity...
Assyrian and Babyloniancalendars. This includes the calendar of the Persian Empire, which in turn gave rise to the Zoroastrian calendar as well as the...
themselves originate in the ancient Babyloniancalendar, and are therefore cognate with the names of months in the Hebrew calendar, specifically Shevat, Nisan...
Metonic calendar (a type of lunisolar calendar), there are twelve years of 12 lunar months and seven years of 13 lunar months. In the Babylonian and Hebrew...
Babylonian and Hebrew lunisolar calendars and correspond to roughly the same time of year. Though the lunar Hijri calendar and solar Hijri calendar are...
Hebrew calendar, the Chinese calendar, and the Babyloniancalendar, but different from the Gregorian calendar. Unlike the Gregorian calendar which adds...
post-biblical Jewish month names, Sivan was adopted during the Babylonian captivity. In the Babyloniancalendar it was named Araḫ Simanu. 6–7 Sivan – Shavuot 1 Sivan...
marks, boxes, or other symbols. Babylonian astronomy collated earlier observations and divinations into sets of Babylonian star catalogues, during and after...
traditional calendars for liturgical purposes, all derived from medieval Iranian calendars and ultimately based on the Babyloniancalendar as used in the...
[citation needed] In the Levant and Iraq the Aramaic names of the Babyloniancalendar are still used for all secular matters.[citation needed] In the Maghreb...
number of calendar systems in the Ancient Near East were based on the Babyloniancalendar dating from the Iron Age, among them the calendar system of...
another where it starts in autumn: The natives of the empire used the Babyloniancalendar, in which the new year falls on 1 Nisanu (3 April in 311 BC), so...
Babylonian astrology was the first known organized system of astrology, arising in the second millennium BC. In Babylon as well as in Assyria as a direct...
the Hebrew calendar. The name is Babylonian in origin. It is a month of 29 days. Iyar usually falls in April–May on the Gregorian calendar. In the Hebrew...
Hebrew calendar. The name of the month is Babylonian. It is a month of 30 days. Tishrei usually occurs in September–October on the Gregorian calendar. In...
(1257): 51–65. JSTOR 74274. Hartner, Willy. "The young Avestan and Babyloniancalendars and the antecedents of precession." Journal for the History of Astronomy...
Global Information