Shāh Ashraf Hotak, (Pashto/Persian: شاه اشرف هوتک; died 1730), also known as Shāh Ashraf Ghiljī (شاه اشرف غلجي), son of Abdul Aziz Hotak, was the fourth ruler of the Hotak dynasty. An Afghan from the Ghilji Pashtuns, he served as a commander in the army of Mahmud Hotak during his revolt against the heavily declining Safavid Persians. Ashraf also participated in the Battle of Gulnabad. In 1725, he briefly succeeded to the throne to become Shah of Persia after he killed his cousin Mahmud.
The nephew of Mirwais Hotak, his reign was noted for the sudden decline in the Hotak tribal rule under increasing pressure from the two great powers of the time Turkish, Russian, and Persian forces.[3]
Ashraf Khan halted both the Russian and Turkish onslaughts. He defeated the Ottoman Empire, who wanted to reestablish their former arch rivals, the Safavids, back on the throne, in a battle near Kermanshah after the enemy had come close to Isfahan. This led to peace negotiations with the Sublime Porte, which were briefly disrupted after Ashraf's ambassador insisted his master should be Caliph of the East and the Ottoman Sultan Caliph of the West. This caused great umbrage to the Ottomans, but a peace agreement was finally signed (Treaty of Hamedan) due to superior Ottoman diplomacy in October 1727.[4]
Map of the Hotaki Empire during Shah Ashraf's reign
Ultimately, the royal Persian army of Shah Tahmasp II (one of the Shah Sultan Husayn's sons) under the leadership of Nader defeated Ashraf's Ghilji forces in a decisive battle known as the Battle of Damghan in October 1729, banishing and driving out the Afghans back to what is now Afghanistan.[3]
^Mujtaba, Bahaudin Ghulam; Sayed Tayeb Jawad (2006). Afghanistan: Realities of War and Rebuilding. Ilead Academy. p. 10. ISBN 978-0-9774211-1-4. Retrieved 2010-08-22.
^Vogelsang, Willem (2002). The Afghans. Wiley Blackwell. p. 224. ISBN 0-631-19841-5. Retrieved 2010-08-22.
^ ab"AN OUTLINE OF THE HISTORY OF PERSIA DURING THE LAST TWO CENTURIES (A.D. 1722–1922)". Edward Granville Browne. London: Packard Humanities Institute. p. 31. Retrieved 2010-09-24.
^Jonas Hanway, The Revolutions of Persia (1753), p.254.
Shāh AshrafHotak, (Pashto/Persian: شاه اشرف هوتک; died 1730), also known as Shāh Ashraf Ghiljī (شاه اشرف غلجي), son of Abdul Aziz Hotak, was the fourth...
1729. AshrafHotak was banished to what is now southern Afghanistan, confining Hotak rule to a small corner of their former empire. In 1738, Hotak rule...
duties. List of monarchs of Afghanistan Hotak dynasty Mirwais Hotak Abdul Aziz HotakAshrafHotak Hussain Hotak The Pearl of Pearls: The Abdālī-Durrānī...
his brother Mahmud Hotak in 1725 at the hand of their cousin AshrafHotak. He was also a Pashto language poet. While his cousin Ashraf ruled most of Persia...
Mirwais Hotak. He was the father of AshrafHotak, the fourth ruler of the Hotak dynasty. Abdul Aziz was killed in 1717 by his nephew Mahmud Hotak. The tradition...
and established Hotak rule in Iran. Mahmud Hotak was assassinated in 1725 by his cousin, AshrafHotak. Under Ashraf's rule, the Hotaks would be kicked...
Mir Ways ibn Shah 'Alam, also known as Mirwais Khan Hotak (Pashto/Dari: ميرويس خان هوتک; 1673-1715) was an Afghan ruler from the Ghilji tribe of Pashtuns...
As Ottoman expansion into Persia continued, AshrafHotak, having recently toppled his brother, Mahmud Hotak from power, was claiming himself as the sole...
modern Afghan state, the Hotak Empire, in 1709. The Hotak Empire was formed after a successful uprising led by Mirwais Hotak and other Afghan tribal chiefs...
captured Kandahar in the siege of Kandahar, the last Hotak stronghold, from Shah Hussain Hotak. Soon after, the Persian and Afghan forces invaded India...
refuge with the Ghiljis. They were later made political prisoners by Hussain Hotak, the Ghilji ruler of the Kandahar region. Nader Shah had been enlisting...
v t e Monarchs of Afghanistan Hotak Empire Mirwais Hotak Abdul Aziz Hotak Mahmud HotakAshrafHotak Hussain Hotak Durrani Empire Ahmad Shah Durrani Timur...
Murche-Khort in which the Persian army under Nader Shah attacked and routed AshrafHotak's Afghan army. The day after Murche-Khort on November 16, 1729 Nader marched...
v t e Monarchs of Afghanistan Hotak Empire Mirwais Hotak Abdul Aziz Hotak Mahmud HotakAshrafHotak Hussain Hotak Durrani Empire Ahmad Shah Durrani Timur...
1709, Mirwais Hotak, who was a member of the Hotak tribe of Ghiljis, led a successful revolution against the Safavids and founded the Hotak dynasty based...
Iran Reign 10 November 1722 – 1732 Predecessor Soltan Hoseyn (Qazvin) AshrafHotak (Isfahan) Successor Abbas III Born 1704 Died 11 February 1740(1740-02-11)...
v t e Monarchs of Afghanistan Hotak Empire Mirwais Hotak Abdul Aziz Hotak Mahmud HotakAshrafHotak Hussain Hotak Durrani Empire Ahmad Shah Durrani Timur...
ruler of the Hotak dynasty and Shah of Persia AshrafHotak – Shah of Persia Hussain Hotak – ruler of the Hotak dynasty Ahmad Shah Durrani – founding father...
was beheaded on 9 September 1727 under the orders of Mahmud Hotak's successor AshrafHotak (r. 1725–1729), due to an insulting letter sent by the Ottoman...
v t e Monarchs of Afghanistan Hotak Empire Mirwais Hotak Abdul Aziz Hotak Mahmud HotakAshrafHotak Hussain Hotak Durrani Empire Ahmad Shah Durrani Timur...
v t e Monarchs of Afghanistan Hotak Empire Mirwais Hotak Abdul Aziz Hotak Mahmud HotakAshrafHotak Hussain Hotak Durrani Empire Ahmad Shah Durrani Timur...
v t e Monarchs of Afghanistan Hotak Empire Mirwais Hotak Abdul Aziz Hotak Mahmud HotakAshrafHotak Hussain Hotak Durrani Empire Ahmad Shah Durrani Timur...
v t e Monarchs of Afghanistan Hotak Empire Mirwais Hotak Abdul Aziz Hotak Mahmud HotakAshrafHotak Hussain Hotak Durrani Empire Ahmad Shah Durrani Timur...
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