Molecular groups or substituents derived from an aromatic ring
This article is about the aryl organic functional group. For the covering of certain seeds, see aril.
A phenyl group is the simplest aryl group, here bonded to an "R" group.
In organic chemistry, an aryl is any functional group or substituent derived from an aromatic ring, usually an aromatic hydrocarbon, such as phenyl and naphthyl.[1] "Aryl" is used for the sake of abbreviation or generalization, and "Ar" is used as a placeholder for the aryl group in chemical structure diagrams, analogous to “R” used for any organic substituent. “Ar” is not to be confused with the elemental symbol for argon.
A simple aryl group is phenyl (C6H5−), a group derived from benzene. Examples of other aryl groups consist of:
The tolyl group (CH3C6H4−) which is derived from toluene (methylbenzene)
The xylyl group ((CH3)2C6H3−), which is derived from xylene (dimethylbenzene)
The naphthyl group (C10H7−), which is derived from naphthalene
Arylation is the process in which an aryl group is attached to a substituent. It is typically achieved by cross-coupling reactions.
^IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book") (1997). Online corrected version: (2006–) "aryl groups". doi:10.1351/goldbook.A00464
an aryl is any functional group or substituent derived from an aromatic ring, usually an aromatic hydrocarbon, such as phenyl and naphthyl. "Aryl" is...
groups. Illustrative is the synthesis of 2-fluoronitrobenzene from 2-nitrochlorobenzene: O2NC6H4Cl + KF → O2NC6H4F + KCl Aryl chlorides are the aryl halides...
hydrogen atoms have been replaced by a substituent such as an alkyl or arylgroup (these may respectively be called alkylamines and arylamines; amines in...
class of compounds that contain an ether group—an oxygen atom bonded to two organyl groups (e.g., alkyl or aryl). They have the general formula R−O−R′,...
salts are a group of organic compounds sharing a common functional group [R−N+≡N]X− where R can be any organic group, such as an alkyl or an aryl, and X is...
polyatomic ions of the structure [NR4]+, where R is an alkyl group, an arylgroup or organyl group. Unlike the ammonium ion (NH+4) and the primary, secondary...
is an organic alkyl or arylgroup and the S(=O)2(OH) group a sulfonyl hydroxide. As a substituent, it is known as a sulfo group. A sulfonic acid can be...
group, or phenyl ring, is a cyclic group of atoms with the formula C6H5, and is often represented by the symbol Ph (archaically φ). The phenyl group is...
organic compounds bearing the functional group R−N=N−R′, in which R and R′ are usually aryl and substituted arylgroups. They are a commercially important family...
central nervous system effects. Ar denotes an arylgroup; here specifically being benzodioxol-3-yl. Benzyl group Methylphenidate is a benzylpiperidine Janssen...
organic compounds bearing the functional group diazenyl (R−N=N−R′, in which R and R′ can be either aryl or alkyl groups). IUPAC defines azo compounds as: "Derivatives...
as R−C(O)OH with R referring to an organyl group (e.g., alkyl, alkenyl, aryl), or hydrogen, or other groups. Carboxylic acids occur widely. Important examples...
acid (B(OH)3) in which one of the three hydroxyl groups (−OH) is replaced by an alkyl or arylgroup (represented by R in the general formula R−B(OH)2)...
dyes. Triarylmethane dyes can be grouped into families according to the nature of the substituents on the arylgroups. In some cases, the anions associated...
methylation of alkoxides. Some aryl methoxides can be synthesized by metal-catalyzed methylation of phenols, or by methoxylation of aryl halides. Streitwieser...
R−CH2−C6H5. Benzyl features a benzene ring (C6H6) attached to a methylene group (−CH2−) group. In IUPAC nomenclature, the prefix benzyl refers to a C6H5CH2 substituent...
exhaustive halogenation of an acetyl group (R−C(=O)CH3, where R can be either a hydrogen atom, an alkyl or an arylgroup), in the presence of a base. The...
Schiff) is a compound with the general structure R1R2C=NR3 (R3 = alkyl or aryl, but not hydrogen). They can be considered a sub-class of imines, being either...
polysulfides generally have the formulae R1SnR2, where R is an alkyl or arylgroup. The alkali metal polysulfides arise by treatment of a solution of sulfide...
is R1R2R3Si−O−R4 where R4 is an alkyl group or an arylgroup. Silyl ethers are usually used as protecting groups for alcohols in organic synthesis. Since...
functional groups. For example, an "aryl moiety" may be any group containing an aromatic ring, regardless of how many functional groups the said aryl has. The...
any organyl group, R, although Alk is sometimes used to specifically symbolize an alkyl group (as opposed to an alkenyl group or arylgroup). Ordinarily...
Isocyanides are compounds in which the O is replaced by an NR (R = alkyl or aryl) group and have a similar bonding scheme. If carbon monoxide acts as a ligand...
such as the Wagner-Meerwein rearrangement, where a hydrogen, alkyl or arylgroup migrates from one carbon to a neighboring carbon. Most rearrangements...
Archimedes number in fluid dynamics Argon, symbol Ar, a chemical element Arylgroup in organic chemistry Relative atomic mass, symbolized as Ar Anti-reflective...
ketone (R-CO-R) and ether groups (R-O-R). The linking group R between the functional groups consists of a 1,4-substituted arylgroup. PAEK has a continuous...
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