Global InformationArmy of the Mughal Empire information
| Mughal Army ارتش مغول | |
|---|---|
 Flag of the Mughal Empire | |
 Arrival of an imperial procession of the emperor Farrukh Siyar at Delhi's "world-revealing" mosque on a Friday, to hear the sermon (khutba) recited in his name | |
| Founded | c. 1556 |
| Disbanded | c. 1806 |
| Headquarters | Mobile exalted camp/victorious camp[1] |
| Leadership | |
| Former Military | Timurid Army |
| Padishah (Great Emperor) | Mughal Emperor |
| Grand-Vizier | Mughal Vazere'azam |
| Personnel | |
| Military age | 15-25 years |
| Available for military service | 911,400-4,039,097 infantry[2] 342,696 cavalry[2] 4.4 million[3]-26 million in total[4], age 15–49 |
| Expenditures | |
| Budget | 12,071,876,840 dams[2] |
The Army of the Mughal Empire was the force by which the Mughal emperors established their empire in the 16th century and expanded it to its greatest extent at the beginning of the 18th century. Although its origins, like the Mughals themselves, were in the cavalry-based armies of central Asia, its essential form and structure was established by the empire's third emperor, Akbar. The regular forces mainly recruited and fielded by Mansabdar officers.
During the 17th century, the Mughal empire possessed the largest military on earth,[5] with its strength numbering 911,400-4,039,097 infantry and 342,696 cavalry.[2] Alternatively, according to the census by Abul Fazl, the size of the army was roughly about flat 4.4 million, with less than half a million trained as cavalry.[6]: 89–90 [3] While modern India historians put far bigger number in 26 million personnels.[4]
The Mughal is considered as dominant military force in India.[7] Employing their superior engineering to military affairs and logistic mastery, historians has compared Mughal army brute force with a Roman Empire or United States Armed Forces.[8]: 276 [6]: 158 Stephen Morillo also noted about western scholarship generally overlooked on how destructive is was Asian empires such as the Mughal in their conquest, not unlike the Roman empire.[9] British historian Jeremy Black viewed that the Mughal military struggles until their decline in the wake of Nader Shah's invasion of India has reflected the Asiatic military development in the 17th century. Black's evaluation contrasted other modern military historians view that the Asian military during that era were influenced by in Military Revolution Europe.[10] Indian Historian Pradeep P. Barua also remarked that the successful takeover of Mughal rule in India by the British Raj was not stemmed from advance the British military organization, technology, or fighting skill. but it rather because the British Raj could offer political stability with their civil administrations after the decline of Mughal authority in India .[3]: 119
Other expert such as Irfan Habib noted that Mughal cavalry are invincible in Indian subcontinent.[11] The superiority of their heavy cavalry discipline and shock charge were a staple of Mughal cavalry.[12][13]
Mughal artillery consisted of heavy cannons, light artillery, grenadiers and rockets.[6]: 48 [14]: 133 [15] Heavy cannons were very expensive and heavy for transportation, and had to be dragged by elephants and oxen into the battlefield.
The Mughal naval fprces were named Amla-e-Nawara. It is recorded that In Dhaka alone, the Amla-e-Nawara fleet contains 768 ships with 933 foreigner crews of Portuguese origin and of 8,112 artillery personnel in the eastern part.[16] They maintained fleets of warships and transport ships.[17]
- ^ Zoya Ansari (24 December 2022). "Traveling mode of Mughal rulers". the weekender pk. Retrieved 13 March 2024.
- ^ a b c d Roy 2011, p. 29.
- ^ a b c Pradeep Barua (2005). Grimsley, Mark (ed.). The State at War in South Asia Studies in War, Society, and the Military. Ohio State University; University of Nebraska. p. 47. Retrieved 13 March 2024.
Stephen Rosen's calculations show that even the most conservative figures for Indian soldiers percapita are at least as high as those for Europe at the end of the Thirty Years' War (1650), that is, 550,000, or 0.5 percent of a population of some 105 million (Europewest of the Urals, including Scandinavia, Britain, European Russia, Spain, and the Balkans). He also states that the actual numbers may be closer to ten times the inci- denceofsoldierspercapitainEuropeduringthatwar.Furthermore,insharp contrast to European states, the Mughals controlled only a small propor- tion of the total military forces in India. The Ain-i-Akbari gives the empire's total number of soldiers in the 1590s as 4.4 million, which includes local militia, consisting mainly of foot soldiers outside of Mughal control. This represents 3 percent of an estimated population of 135 million in 1600.
- ^ a b Abraham Eraly 2007, p. 300.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
harrisonwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b c Andrew de la Garza (2016). The Mughal Empire at War Babur, Akbar and the Indian Military Revolution, 1500-1605. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-317-24531-5. Retrieved 6 December 2023.
- ^ Abdul Sabahuddin & Rajshree Shukla (2003, p. 199)
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Societies and Military Power India and Its Armies; Stephen Peter Rosenwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ John D. Hosler; Alfred J. Andrea; Stephen Holt (2022). Seven Myths of Military History (Myths of History: A Hackett Series). Hackett Publishing Company, Inc. p. 40. ISBN 978-1647920449.
- ^ Jeremy Black (1991). A Military Revolution?: Military Change and European Society 1550–1800 (Studies in European History, 14). Red Globe Press. p. 59. ISBN 978-0333519066.
- ^ Hassan, Farhat (2004). State and Locality in Mughal India Power Relations in Western India, C.1572-1730 (Hardcover). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-84119-1. Retrieved 8 July 2023.
Others suggest that it was not artillery but cavalry that made the Mughals invincible in the
- ^ William Irvine (2007). Sarkar, Sir Jadunath (ed.). Later Mughals. University of Minnesota. p. 669. ISBN 978-969-35-1924-2. Retrieved 8 July 2023.
- ^ John F. Richards (1993). "Part 1, Volume 5". The Mughal Empire (Paperback). Cambridge University Press. p. 160. ISBN 978-0-521-56603-2. Retrieved 8 July 2023.
- ^ Alfred W. Crosby (8 April 2002). Throwing Fire Projectile Technology Through History (Hardcover). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-79158-8. Retrieved 6 December 2023.
- ^ Will Slatyer (20 February 2015). The Life/Death Rhythms of Capitalist Regimes - Debt Before Dishonour Timetable of World Dominance 1400-2100. Partridge Publishing Singapore. ISBN 978-1-4828-2961-7. Retrieved 6 December 2023.
rockets were upgraded versions of Mughal rockets utilised during the Siege of Jinji by the progeny of the Nawab of Arcot
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Mughal Forts on Fluvial Terrains in Dhaka; UNESCOwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
NAVAL STRATEGY OF THE MUGHALS IN BENGALwas invoked but never defined (see the help page).