This article is about the second Mughal emperor. For other uses, see Humayun (disambiguation).
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Humayun
Padishah Al-Sultan Al-Azam
Humayun seated in a garden
2nd Mughal Emperor
First reign
26 December 1530 – 17 May 1540
Coronation
29 December 1530
Predecessor
Babur
Successor
Sher Shah Suri (Sur Empire)
Heir-apparent
Al-aman Mirza
Second reign
22 June 1555 – 27 January 1556
Predecessor
Adil Shah Suri (Sur Empire)
Successor
Akbar I
Born
Nasir al-Din Muhammad[1] 6 March 1508 Kabul (present-day Afghanistan)
Died
27 January 1556(1556-01-27) (aged 47) Delhi, Mughal Empire (present-day India)
Burial
Humayun's Tomb, Delhi, India
Consort
Bega Begum
(m. 1527)
Hamida Banu Begum
(m. 1540)
Wives
Several, including:
Mah Chuchak Begum
(m. 1546)
[2]
Khanish Aghacha
Gunwar Bibi[3]
Mewa Jan[4]
Chand Bibi
Shad Bibi
Issue
Al-aman Mirza
Aqiqa Sultan Begum
Bakshi Banu Begum
Akbar I
Jahan Sultan Begum
Bakht-un-Nissa Begum
Farrukh-Fal Mirza
Mirza Muhammad Hakim
Ibrahim Sultan Mirza
Sakina Banu Begum
Amina Banu Begum
Names
Mirza Nasir-ud-Din Muhammad Humayun[1]
Posthumous name
Jannat-Ashyani (lit.'He who lives in heaven')
House
House of Babur
Dynasty
Timurid dynasty
Father
Babur
Mother
Maham Begum
Religion
Shia Islam[5]
Nasir al-Din Muhammad (6 March 1508[1] – 27 January 1556) commonly known by his regnal name Humayun, (Persian pronunciation:[hu.mɑː.juːn]) was the second Mughal emperor, who ruled over territory in what is now Eastern Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Northern India, and Pakistan from 1530 to 1540 and again from 1555 to his death in 1556. At the time of his death, the Mughal Empire spanned almost one million square kilometers.
On 26 December 1530, Humayun succeeded his father Babur to the throne of Delhi as ruler of the Mughal territories in the Indian subcontinent. Humayun was an inexperienced ruler when he came to power at the age of 22. His half-brother Kamran Mirza inherited Kabul and Kandahar, the northernmost parts of their father's empire; the two half-brothers became bitter rivals.
Early in his reign, Humayun lost his entire state to Sher Shah Suri but regained it 15 years later with Safavid aid. His return from Persia was accompanied by a large retinue of Persian noblemen, signaling an important change in Mughal court culture. The Central Asian origins of the dynasty were largely overshadowed by the influences of Persian art, architecture, language, and literature. To this day, stone carvings and thousands of Persian manuscripts in India dating from the time of Humayun remain in the subcontinent. Following his return to power, Humayun quickly expanded the Empire, leaving a substantial legacy for his son, Akbar.
^ abcMehta, Jaswant Lal (1981). Advanced Study in the History of Medieval India. Vol. II (1st ed.). Sterling Publishers. p. 108. OCLC 221798951.
^Begum, Gulbadan (1902). The History of Humāyūn (Humāyūn-nāmah). Royal Asiatic Society. p. 260.
^Lal, Muni (1980). Akbar. Vikas. p. 7. ISBN 978-0-7069-1076-6.
^Mukhia 2004, p. 124.
^Proceedings of the Indian History Congress, Vol. 1, Part II: Papers and Summaries (June 1935), pp. 46–61 (16 pages)
https://www.jstor.org/stable/44202304
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