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Military history of Haiti
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Military ranks of Haiti
The Armed Forces of Haiti (French: Forces Armées d'Haïti; FAd'H) are the military forces of the Republic of Haiti, currently consisting of the Haitian Army and the Coast Guard, which together have about 750 active personnel as of 2023.[2]
The Haitian military originated during the Haitian Revolution as the Indigenous Army (Armée Indigène) that fought for independence, which was formally declared on 1 January 1804.[1] Haiti became a militarized country over the next several decades to protect its independence from a possible return of French troops, and as a result the military dominated the government and administration,[3] with the emergence of a military elite that held the political and economic power in the country.[4] The military was reorganized in the 1880s, being divided between a small active army that underwent the reform, and a much larger reserve army consisting of the old forces. There was also a small navy.[5] Between 1804 and 1915, all except one of Haiti's 26 heads of state were military officers.[6]
The Indigenous Army was disbanded during the United States occupation of Haiti in 1915 and replaced by the American-trained and -led Gendarmerie (Gendarmerie d'Haïti). In 1934, it was renamed the Garde d'Haiti and returned to Haitian command, before being renamed the Army of Haiti in 1947.[7] Finally, it was changed to the Armed Forces of Haiti in 1958 during the rule of François Duvalier.[8] After years of military interference in politics, including dozens of military coups and attempted coups, Haiti disbanded its military in 1995.[9]
On 17 November 2017, the armed forces were restored by President Jovenel Moise. The Army was reestablished in 2018. The President suspended the previous executive orders by then President Jean-Bertrand Aristide who suspended and disbanded the armed forces on 6 December 1995.
As of 2023, an infantry battalion with 700 soldiers is in the process of being formed and there is also a small coast guard with 50 personnel.[2]
^ abAvril 1999, pp. 40–41.
^ abcIISS 2023, p. 402.
^Avril 1999, p. 43.
^Gerlus 1996, pp. 240–242.
^Avril 1999, pp. 52–53.
^Gerlus 1996, p. 250.
^Avril 1999, p. 31.
^Laguerre 1993, p. 107.
^"Haiti a step closer to having army again". USA Today. September 16, 2013. Retrieved 29 January 2014.
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