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Medical condition
Aortic aneurysm
Figure A shows a normal aorta. Figure B shows a thoracic aortic aneurysm (which is located behind the heart). Figure C shows an abdominal aortic aneurysm located below the arteries that supply blood to the kidneys.
Specialty
Cardiology, Vascular surgery
Symptoms
abdominal pain and back pain
Complications
Hemorrhaging
Diagnostic method
ultrasound
An aortic aneurysm is an enlargement (dilatation) of the aorta to greater than 1.5 times normal size.[1] They usually cause no symptoms except when ruptured.[2] Occasionally, there may be abdominal, back, or leg pain.[3] The prevalence of abdominal aortic aneurysm ("AAA") has been reported to range from 2 to 12% and is found in about 8% of men more than 65 years of age.[4] The mortality rate attributable to AAA is about 15,000 per year in the United States and 6,000 to 8,000 per year in the United Kingdom and Ireland. Between 2001 and 2006, there were approximately 230,000 AAA surgical repairs performed on Medicare patients in the United States.
The etiology remains an area of active research. Known causes include trauma, infection, and inflammatory disorders. Risk factors include cigarette smoking, advanced age, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and coronary artery disease. The pathophysiology of the disease is related to an initial arterial insult causing a cascade of inflammation and extracellular matrix protein breakdown by proteinases leading to arterial wall weakening.[5] They are most commonly located in the abdominal aorta, but can also be located in the thoracic aorta. Aortic aneurysms result from a weakness in the wall of the aorta and increase the risk of aortic rupture. When rupture occurs, massive internal bleeding results and, unless treated immediately, shock and death can occur.
Screening with ultrasound is indicated in those at high risk. Prevention is by decreasing risk factors, such as smoking, and treatment is either by open or endovascular surgery. Aortic aneurysms resulted in about 152,000 deaths worldwide in 2013, up from 100,000 in 1990.[6]
^Johnston KW, Rutherford RB, Tilson MD, Shah DM, Hollier L, Stanley JC (March 1991). "Suggested standards for reporting on arterial aneurysms. Subcommittee on Reporting Standards for Arterial Aneurysms, Ad Hoc Committee on Reporting Standards, Society for Vascular Surgery and North American Chapter, International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery". Journal of Vascular Surgery. 13 (3): 452–458. doi:10.1067/mva.1991.26737. PMID 1999868.
^Cite error: The named reference Kent2014 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Upchurch GR, Schaub TA (April 2006). "Abdominal aortic aneurysm". American Family Physician. 73 (7): 1198–1204. PMID 16623206.
^Stather PW, Sidloff DA, Rhema IA, Choke E, Bown MJ, Sayers RD (March 2014). "A review of current reporting of abdominal aortic aneurysm mortality and prevalence in the literature". European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery. 47 (3): 240–242. doi:10.1016/j.ejvs.2013.11.007. PMID 24368205.
^Anagnostakos J, Lal BK (March 2021). "Abdominal aortic aneurysms". Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases. 65: 34–43. doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2021.03.009. PMID 33831398. S2CID 233192017.
^GBD 2013 Mortality Causes of Death Collaborators (January 2015). "Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013". Lancet. 385 (9963): 117–171. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61682-2. PMC 4340604. PMID 25530442.
An aorticaneurysm is an enlargement (dilatation) of the aorta to greater than 1.5 times normal size. They usually cause no symptoms except when ruptured...
Abdominal aorticaneurysm (AAA) is a localized enlargement of the abdominal aorta such that the diameter is greater than 3 cm or more than 50% larger...
syndrome; a bicuspid aortic valve; and previous heart surgery. Major trauma, smoking, cocaine use, pregnancy, a thoracic aorticaneurysm, inflammation of...
include aneurysms of the circle of Willis in the brain, aorticaneurysms affecting the thoracic aorta, and abdominal aorticaneurysms. Aneurysms can arise...
A thoracic aorticaneurysm is an aorticaneurysm that presents primarily in the thorax. A thoracic aorticaneurysm is the "ballooning" of the upper aspect...
aneurysm repair (EVAR) is a type of minimally-invasive endovascular surgery used to treat pathology of the aorta, most commonly an abdominal aortic aneurysm...
most common cause is an abdominal aorticaneurysm that has ruptured spontaneously. Aortic rupture is distinct from aortic dissection, which is a tear through...
graft. OAS is used to treat aneurysms of the abdominal and thoracic aorta, aortic dissection, acute aortic syndrome, and aortic ruptures. Aortobifemoral...
Aneurysm of the aortic sinus, also known as the sinus of Valsalva, is a rare abnormality of the aorta, the largest artery in the body. The aorta normally...
heart and aorta, with an increased risk of mitral valve prolapse and aorticaneurysm. The lungs, eyes, bones, and the covering of the spinal cord are also...
thoracic aorticaneurysm is an autosomal dominant disorder of large arteries. There is an association between familial thoracic aorticaneurysm and Marfan...
abdominal aorticaneurysm of 4.8 by 3.8 cm The standard aortic measurement on abdominal ultrasonography, such as used for abdominal aorticaneurysms, is between...
An intracranial aneurysm, also known as a cerebral aneurysm, is a cerebrovascular disorder in which weakness in the wall of a cerebral artery or vein...
widening of the mediastinum which may mimic the appearance of a thoracic aorticaneurysm. With aging, the ascending portion of the thoracic aorta increases...
Inflammatory aorticaneurysm (IAA), also known as Inflammatory abdominal aorticaneurysm (IAAA), is a type of abdominal aorticaneurysm (AAA) where the...
identifying genetic mutations that predispose individuals to thoracic aorticaneurysms and dissections. 1983: Star on the Walk of Fame – 6627 Hollywood Boulevard;...
can include aortic dissection (which is the most common type), intramural hematoma, penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer or a thoracic aneurysm that has become...
left ventricular aneurysm involves the apex of the heart. A pseudoaneurysm can also occur in the aorta as a consequence of traumatic aortic rupture. Outside...
of aortic regurgitation. It can also become necessary for the treatment of aorticaneurysm, less frequently for congenital aortic stenosis. An aortic valve...
underlying condition such as appendicitis, leaking or ruptured abdominal aorticaneurysm, diverticulitis, or ectopic pregnancy. In a third of cases, the exact...
progresses, syphilitic aortitis leads to an aorticaneurysm. Overall, tertiary syphilis is a rare cause of aorticaneurysms. Syphilitic aortitis has become rare...
also be caused by non-traumatic mechanisms, particularly abdominal aorticaneurysm rupture. Symptoms are often unreliable, but include severe tearing...
treatment of aortic regurgitation. It can also become necessary for the treatment of aorticaneurysm, or less frequently for congenital aortic stenosis....
artery to the eye with resulting blindness, as well as aortic dissection, and aorticaneurysm. GCA is frequently associated with polymyalgia rheumatica...
bicuspid aortic valve. The patient-specific risk of developing complications such as aorticaneurysms is dependent on the particular aortic leaflet fusion...
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