Verb form that usually expresses perfective aspect and refers to past events
This article is about the aorists of various languages. For the Greek aorist, see Aorist (Ancient Greek).
Aorist (/ˈeɪərɪst/AY-ər-ist; abbreviated AOR) verb forms usually express perfective aspect and refer to past events, similar to a preterite. Ancient Greek grammar had the aorist form, and the grammars of other Indo-European languages and languages influenced by the Indo-European grammatical tradition, such as Middle Persian, Sanskrit, Armenian, the South Slavic languages, Georgian, and Pashto, also have forms referred to as aorist.
The word comes from Ancient Greek ἀόριστος (aóristos'indefinite'),[1][2] as the aorist was the unmarked (default) form of the verb, and thus did not have the implications of the imperfective aspect, which referred to an ongoing or repeated situation, or the perfect, which referred to a situation with a continuing relevance; instead it described an action "pure and simple".[3]
Because the aorist was the unmarked aspect in Ancient Greek, the term is sometimes applied to unmarked verb forms in other languages, such as the habitual aspect in Turkish.[4]
^ἀόριστος. Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert; A Greek–English Lexicon at the Perseus Project
^Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert (1992). A Greek - English Lexicon. Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 173 – via Internet Archive.
^Beetham, Frank (2007). Learning Greek with Plato. Bristol Phoenix Press. p. 362. ISBN 978-1-904675-56-3. This does not mean, however, that the aorist was aspectually neutral, see Napoli, Maria (2006). Aspect and Actionality in Homeric Greek. Milano: FrancoAngeli. p. 67. ISBN 88-464-7836-3.
Aorist (/ˈeɪərɪst/ AY-ər-ist; abbreviated AOR) verb forms usually express perfective aspect and refer to past events, similar to a preterite. Ancient Greek...
the indicative mood there are seven tenses: present, imperfect, future, aorist (the equivalent of past simple), perfect, pluperfect, and future perfect...
forms, and the distinctions in meaning between the imperfect, perfect and aorist forms are barely maintained and ultimately lost. Verb conjugation in Sanskrit...
is spoken in the region of modern Sparta. Doric has also passed down its aorist terminations into most verbs of Demotic Greek. By about the 6th century...
e. Smyth, paragraph 1931: Gnomic Aorist (γνώμη maxim, proverb). – The aorist may express a general truth. The aorist simply states a past occurrence and...
repetitive action, notice that the verb is in an independent clause) Past aorist imperfective verb: Вчера четох една книга = "Yesterday, I read a book" (but...
Leonidas would have used. The form "ἔμολον" is recorded in Doric as the aorist for εἷρπον, "to go, come". The classical pronunciation is [mo.lɔ᷆ːn la.bé]...
sibilant aorist is formed with the suffixation of s to the stem. The sibilant aorist by itself has four formations: athematic s-aorist athematic iṣ-aorist athematic...
the past aorist and the past active aorist participle. 6 Notice that the thematic vowel и (/i/) is changed to е (/ɛ/). 7 Since the past aorist and imperfect...
it"). In Ancient Greek the infinitive has four tenses (present, future, aorist, perfect) and three voices (active, middle, passive). Present and perfect...
intensive aorist (present perfect, present continuous, past continuous) and the future (ad+aorist). Unlike other Berber languages, the aorist alone is...
aorist became increasingly marked as an archaic language feature and was eventually replaced by the other two aorist formations. The asigmatic aorist...
mood. The imperative mood is found in three tenses (present, aorist, and perfect). The aorist is used when the speaker wants something done at once, e.g...
by Gary F. Zeolla or Greek Verbs. The form of the verb used is not the aorist imperative, which would indicate momentary or point action, but the present...
synthetic series consists of three simple tenses—the present, imperfect and aorist—and the imperative mood. 1, 2 The syllabic thematic vowel и changes to the...
conversation. The prefix is ti- with 3rd persons and ta- otherwise The aorist is used in narratives, stories, and in situations where something that happened...
(traditionally called aorist) and perfect (sometimes also called perfective; see note about terminology) imperfective and perfective/aorist (perfect is expressed...
Ancient first aorist infinitive suffix -αι has been replaced by second aorist suffix -ειν 4. Attachment of the /e/ sound to the ancient aorist infinitive...
best guide to the true stem, which is often more clearly manifested in the aorist or future tense forms. Note that none of these markers was productive in...
proto-middle *h2e-conjugation aorists with o/e-ablaut (later o/ø-ablaut) of the root, which gave rise to the Indo-Iranian passive aorist and the Tocharian subjunctive...
Euler (1992ff.) explain(ed) this ending as a relict of the Indo-European aorist tense. Under this assumption, the ending -t would have replaced older -ī(z)...
mostly behaves like an ergative–absolutive language in the Series II ("aorist") screeves. That means that the subject of an intransitive verb will take...
bring that guest to my house?" The following uses the aorist indicative followed by an aorist imperative: εἰ ἤκουσάς τι τούτου τοῦ πράγματος τοῦ γενομένου...